Test 2 Hydrogen Bonds Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the chemical structure of a water molecule (the atoms that make up a water molecule – think of the formula for water!)

A

Two Hydrogen (+) connect to one oxygen (-) (polar)

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2
Q

Explain what is meant when we say water is “polar”

A

a water molecule has two poles - a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side)

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3
Q

Define hydrogen bond.

A

The attraction between a partially positive hydrogen molecule and another atom with a partial negative charge

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4
Q

List the five properties of water discussed in class

A

Cohesion, adhesion, high heat capacity, density of ice, and solubility of water

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5
Q

Explain how hydrogen bonds relate to the property of cohesion

A

Attraction of water molecules to each other because of hydrogen bonding

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6
Q

Describe how cohesion relates to surface tension.

A

Water molecules at surface hold on strong because of the polar attraction

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7
Q

Describe at least one example of how surface tensions allow water striders/small insects to survive.

A

It allows them to escape from predators or get to food easier by being able to traverse water

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8
Q

Explain how hydrogen bonds relate to the property of adhesion

A

Water sticks to other polar molecules because of hydrogen bonding

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9
Q

Explain why water does not “stick” to non-polar materials.

A

the attraction of polar molecules due to charges; so no attraction means no stick

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10
Q

how cohesion and adhesion work together in capillary action.

A

Adhesion allows water to climb the sides of plants while cohesion ‘pulls’ up the rest of the water

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11
Q

Describe how capillary action allows organisms to survive.

A

If there was no capillary action plants would not be able to receive water from branches and other parts that are not the roots

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12
Q

Explain why water has a high capacity, including how this relates to hydrogen bonds

A

Because of these bonding/attraction to make water hot, it takes a lot of energy to break those bonds.

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13
Q

Explain how water’s high heat capacity relates to the survival of living things

A

The ocean is home to millions of organisms and if not for this trait ecosystems would be destroyed due to hot waters

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14
Q

Describe how the number of hydrogen bonds differs in solid water (ice) versus liquid water

A

All possible bonds are bonded for water to be in solid form

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15
Q

Explain why water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid

A

Solid hydrogen bonds take up more space than liquid water meaning it is less dense

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16
Q

Describe how ice floating contributes to the survival of organisms

A

Many organisms at the poles rely on the density of ice for habitat and survival (ex: penguins, polar bears)

17
Q

Explain how water’s polar nature allows it to dissolve substances, including where the formation of hydrogen bonds occur

A

Water can dissolve other polar substances due to their charges. Water performs hydrogen bonds with the substance apart giving the appearance of disappearing

18
Q

Describe why water cannot dissolve materials like oil.

A

Oil is a non-polar molecule not allowing water to dissolve it by creating hydrogen bonds

19
Q

Describe how washing your hands with soap kills viruses.

A

Soap is a two-sided molecule that is attracted to fat and water. One side breaks apart the fat wall due to an attraction while the water washes it away.

20
Q

Describe how water acting as a solvent allows organisms to survive

A

Blood allows humans to survive by transporting the solvent materials (salts, proteins, and carbs) to the necessary cells

21
Q

Explain how a solution can become “saturated” with a solute. Describe what is happening at the molecular level.

A

Water “solutes” substances by breaking down molecules with it’s polar molecules. When it runs out of molecules to break down with the water is polluted (cloudy)

22
Q

1 example Cohesion

A

Water bubbles on my arm after I sneeze

23
Q

1 example Adhesion

A

Dew on grass

24
Q

1 example High heat capacity

A

Heating soup in a microwave

25
Q

1 example Density

A

Ice in drink

26
Q

1 example solubility of water

A

Solubility of water

27
Q

blood

A

This material contains water with dissolved solutes, like salt, proteins, and carbs; this material then moves around the body, “delivering” those molecules to necessary cells

27
Q

blood

A

This material contains water with dissolved solutes, like salt, proteins, and carbs; this material then moves around the body, “delivering” those molecules to necessary cells