Bio unit 1 test Flashcards
Explain the difference between uni- and multicellular organisms
Unicellular: identical to parent (1 cell); Multicellular: Genetic variation (multiple cells)
Define differentiation
Becoming specialized for different types of abilities/functions
Define homeostasis
How organisms maintain stable conditions to stay alive
Describe at least ONE example (explain how temperature can be regulated by homeostasis)
Human have to stay in between temperatures of 97-99. One thing to help them do this is sweating. Releasing water on the body is like an internal shower to cool you down.
Explain how hereditary information is passed from parents to offspring
Hereditary information is pased down from parent to offspring, by genes contained on DNA that offspring receive
Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction: hereditary info (genes0 is combined by typically both parents; Assexual reproduction: No combination of genes (split of 1 cell)
Define evolution
Change population over generations (new abilitys/dissabilities)
Describe how evolution occurs
Natural selection drives evolution; things gifted with the new ability are more likely to reproduce creating more of the ability
List at least one example of interdependence of organisms
A giraffe and a oxpecker help each other by the oxpecker eating ticks of the giraffe. The oxpecker gets food and the giraffe gets cleaned
List at least 3 ways that humans have impacted the environment
Created extinction, deforestation, and infrastructure
Compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs
Autotrophs: Get energy by making their food; heterotrophs: get food by eating/consuming
List one example of an autotroph
Sunflower
List one example of a heterotroph
me (humans)
Describe chemosynthesis
Bacteria can make food (glucose) through chemicles (hyrdrovents)
List and describe the eight characteristics of life (what makes something a living thing)
- Cells 2. DNA/genetic information 3. response to stimuli 4. Metabolism 5. homeostasis 6. growth and development 7. Reproduction 8. evolution
Identify and describe the three requirements of all living organisms
- Energy source: food and or sunlight 2. Liquid water 3. Molecules to build cells: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Define taxonomy
Science of finding ways to describe, name, and classify organisms
Describe the 3 criteria by which organisms are classified
Morphology (appearance), DNA analysis (best), Physiology (how their body works)
Identify the 8 levels of organization in the Linnaean system
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Identify which level of organization (Domain, Kingdom, Species, Species, etc) is the most broad
Domain because everything that follows is under it’s domain
Identify which level of organization (Domain, Kingdom, Species, etc) is the most specific
Species, because there is nothing after it making it the most specific
Describe the function of a cladogram
To show how closely related selected organisms are
Identify the 3 domains of life
Bacteria, Archea, and Eukarya
Describe the 4 characteristics of organisms in Domain Bacteria discussed in class
primitive cells, no cell organelles, unicellular, reproduce assexually
Describe 4 characteristics of organisms in Domain Archaea discussed in class
primitive cells, no cell organelles, live in extreme environments, and reproduce assexually
Identify the kingdoms within Domain Eukarya.
Protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia
Explain characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Protista
Multicellular organisms that don’t belong in any other kingdom
Explain in words the levels of biological organization (cells 🡪 ? 🡪 ? 🡪 ? 🡪 ? )
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
Identify major parts of a light microscope on a diagram
Describe the functions of 5 important microscope parts (choose the 5 parts that you think are most important)
Arm: used for carrying; stage: needed to be able to put down subjects; Nose piece: allows you to see at different magnifications; Eyepiece: what is used to look through; Coarse Knob: Used to help zoom in on subject
List 2 safe microscope handling directions
When carrying put one hand below the base and another on the arm
Never touch microscope glass with hands. Instead use the tissue cloth to clean
Calculate total magnification when viewing a specimen, taking into account both the eyepiece magnification AND the objective lens magnification
Identify general lab safety rules and guidelines
You do NOT have to write anything for this question
If on fire stay in place + stop, drop, and roll
Never touch chemicals or glass with bare hands
know where emergency exits are
Know where eye wash stations are
If partner is on fire grab fire blanket
never poor chemicals into old beakers that have not been clean
