Bio Final exam

Question 1

Explain the difference between uni- and multicellular organisms

Answer 1

Unicellular: identical to parent (1 cell); Multicellular: Genetic variation (multiple cells)

Question 2

Describe chemosynthesis

Answer 2

Bacteria can make food (glucose) through chemicles (hyrdrovents)

Question 3

List and describe the eight characteristics of life (what makes something a living thing)

Answer 3

Cells 2. DNA/genetic information 3. response to stimuli 4. Metabolism 5. homeostasis 6. growth and development 7. Reproduction 8. evolution

Question 4

Identify and describe the three requirements of all living organisms.

Answer 4

Energy source: food and or sunlight 2. Liquid water 3. Molecules to build cells: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 5

Define taxonomy

Answer 5

Science of finding ways to describe, name, and classify organisms

Question 6

Describe the 3 criteria by which organisms are classified

Answer 6

Morphology (appearance), DNA analysis (best), Physiology (how their body works)

Question 7

the 3 domains of life

Answer 7

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 8

the 4 characteristics of organisms in Domain Bacteria discussed in class

Answer 8

primitive cells, no cell organelles, unicellular, reproduce assexually

Question 9

4 characteristics of organisms in Domain Archaea discussed in class

Answer 9

primitive cells, no cell organelles, live in extreme environments, and reproduce assexually

Question 10

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Protista

Answer 10

Multicellular organisms that don’t belong in any other kingdom

Question 11

List the five properties of water discussed in class

Answer 11

Cohesion, adhesion, high heat capacity, density of ice, and solubility of water

Question 12

the difference between a monomer, a polymer, and a macromolecule

Answer 12

Monomer: single chemical molecule
Polymer: Molecule composed of many monomers
Macromolecule: large molecules composed of many polymers

Question 13

the special properties of carbon that enable it to be the “essential element” of life

Answer 13

Forms strong covalent bonds with other elements
Forms strong covalent bonds with itself
Form single, double, or triple covalent bonds

Question 14

the 4 major macromolecules found in living things

Answer 14

Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protiens

Question 15

proteins

Answer 15

organic compound made up of chains of amino acids

Question 16

the structure of proteins, including its monomer

Answer 16

Long chain of amino acids (polypeptide)

Question 17

the type of bond that forms between individual amino acids

Answer 17

Peptide bond

Question 18

List and explain the roles of the 4 types of proteins I expect you to know (see slides 16 of “Macromolecules” PowerPoint) ?

Answer 18

Enzymatic, transport, contractile and motor, structural proteins

Question 19

why Maria from our case study experienced the following symptoms:
Protruding stomach
Increased bruising
Tiredness

Answer 19

Protruding stomach Expanded spleen and liver
Increased bruising Less blood cells are produced making bruising easy
Tiredness Anmeia (low blood cells because of low blood marrow production along with spleen killing off) does not allow proper oxygen supply

Question 20

the 3 ways in which an enzyme can be deactivated

Answer 20

Competitive inhibition – a molecule takes
up the active site so the substrate cannot
enter

2) Noncompetitive (or allosteric) inhibition – a
molecules takes up another space on the
enzyme that causes the active site to change
shape

3) Temperature or pH change – changes the
shape of the enzyme because it breaks
hydrogen bonds, which changes shape of
active site

Question 21

the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells; there are 5 distinct differences and you must describe them all!

Answer 21

Prokaryotes
Primitive (first cell)
Smaller
No nucleus
Circular DNA in cytoplasm
No membrane bound organelles
Only two domains and kingdoms of prokaryotic
Bacteria and Archea
Eukaryotes
More advanced
Larger
Nucleus
DNA inside linear (double-helix)
Membrane bound organelles
Beling to Domain Eukarya (In one of 4 kingdoms)

Question 22

at least 1 SPECIFIC example of a kind of prokaryotic organism

Answer 22

bacteria