Bio Final exam Flashcards
Explain the difference between uni- and multicellular organisms
Unicellular: identical to parent (1 cell); Multicellular: Genetic variation (multiple cells)
Describe chemosynthesis
Bacteria can make food (glucose) through chemicles (hyrdrovents)
List and describe the eight characteristics of life (what makes something a living thing)
Cells 2. DNA/genetic information 3. response to stimuli 4. Metabolism 5. homeostasis 6. growth and development 7. Reproduction 8. evolution
Identify and describe the three requirements of all living organisms.
Energy source: food and or sunlight 2. Liquid water 3. Molecules to build cells: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Define taxonomy
Science of finding ways to describe, name, and classify organisms
Describe the 3 criteria by which organisms are classified
Morphology (appearance), DNA analysis (best), Physiology (how their body works)
the 3 domains of life
Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
the 4 characteristics of organisms in Domain Bacteria discussed in class
primitive cells, no cell organelles, unicellular, reproduce assexually
4 characteristics of organisms in Domain Archaea discussed in class
primitive cells, no cell organelles, live in extreme environments, and reproduce assexually
characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Protista
Multicellular organisms that don’t belong in any other kingdom
List the five properties of water discussed in class
Cohesion, adhesion, high heat capacity, density of ice, and solubility of water
the difference between a monomer, a polymer, and a macromolecule
Monomer: single chemical molecule
Polymer: Molecule composed of many monomers
Macromolecule: large molecules composed of many polymers
the special properties of carbon that enable it to be the “essential element” of life
Forms strong covalent bonds with other elements
Forms strong covalent bonds with itself
Form single, double, or triple covalent bonds
the 4 major macromolecules found in living things
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protiens
proteins
organic compound made up of chains of amino acids
the structure of proteins, including its monomer
Long chain of amino acids (polypeptide)
the type of bond that forms between individual amino acids
Peptide bond
List and explain the roles of the 4 types of proteins I expect you to know (see slides 16 of “Macromolecules” PowerPoint) ?
Enzymatic, transport, contractile and motor, structural proteins
why Maria from our case study experienced the following symptoms:
Protruding stomach
Increased bruising
Tiredness
Protruding stomach Expanded spleen and liver
Increased bruising Less blood cells are produced making bruising easy
Tiredness Anmeia (low blood cells because of low blood marrow production along with spleen killing off) does not allow proper oxygen supply
the 3 ways in which an enzyme can be deactivated
Competitive inhibition – a molecule takes
up the active site so the substrate cannot
enter
2) Noncompetitive (or allosteric) inhibition – a
molecules takes up another space on the
enzyme that causes the active site to change
shape
3) Temperature or pH change – changes the
shape of the enzyme because it breaks
hydrogen bonds, which changes shape of
active site
the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells; there are 5 distinct differences and you must describe them all!
Prokaryotes
Primitive (first cell)
Smaller
No nucleus
Circular DNA in cytoplasm
No membrane bound organelles
Only two domains and kingdoms of prokaryotic
Bacteria and Archea
Eukaryotes
More advanced
Larger
Nucleus
DNA inside linear (double-helix)
Membrane bound organelles
Beling to Domain Eukarya (In one of 4 kingdoms)
at least 1 SPECIFIC example of a kind of prokaryotic organism
bacteria
