Bio chap 4 test

Question 1

Identify the three parts of the cell theory.

Answer 1

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

Question 2

Identify the six scientists whose discoveries helped to formulate the cell theory. Zacharia Janssen, Robert Hooke, Anton ven Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow

Answer 2

Zacharias Janssen: Invented the first compound microscope
Robert Hooke: First to observe dead cells in cork. Called cells because look like Monk’s rooms
Anton van Leeuwenhoek: First to observe living cells
Matthias Schleiden: Botanist who said all plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann: Zoologists said all animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow: Physician who said cells must come from other cells

Question 3

Spontaneous generation

Answer 3

Disproven idea that living organisms came from nonliving things

Question 4

ALL PARTS of the experiment that disproved the theory of spontaneous generation

Answer 4

Covered with full seal
No maggots
gauze
Some maggots/eggs but less
open to air
Full amount of maggots

Question 5

Identify the three cellular parts that ALL cells share in common.

Answer 5

Cell membrane
Wall around cell act like barrier between in and outside
Cytoplasm
Fluid part of cell holds material inside
DNA
Floats in cytoplasm in prokaryotes
Found in nucleus in eukaryotic cells

Question 6

organelle

Answer 6

Specialized subunit within a cell to perform specific function

Question 7

the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells; there are 5 distinct differences and you must describe them all!

Answer 7

Prokaryotes
Primitive (first cell)
Smaller
No nucleus
Circular DNA in cytoplasm
No membrane bound organelles
Only two domains and kingdoms of prokaryotic
Bacteria and Archea

Eukaryotes
More advanced
Larger
Nucleus
DNA inside linear (double-helix)
Membrane bound organelles
Beling to Domain Eukarya (In one of 4 kingdoms)

Question 8

at least 1 SPECIFIC example of a kind of prokaryotic organism

Answer 8

Bacteria

Question 9

the four kingdoms in the domain of Eukarya

Answer 9

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista

Question 10

identify one specific organism from each Kingdom

Answer 10

Kingdom Protista – Amoeba (an amoeba is a type of protist)
Kingdom Fungi - Shiitake Mushroom
Kingdom Plantae - Oak tree
Kingdom Animalia - Seahawk

Question 11

Describe how a cell’s shape and function are related.

Answer 11

A cell’s function influences it’s shape

Question 12

3 examples of how a cell’s shape benefits its function

Answer 12

Sperm cells: Have a tail because it is necessary to swim to an egg
Red blood cells: Encaved for easy transformation of oxygen and round to move easier
Fat cells: For the maximum amount of storage and easy division

Question 13

how the disease sickle cell anemia reduces a cell’s ability to function efficiently.

Answer 13

It reduces the amount of oxygen it can carry

Question 14

the two measurements that limit cell size.

Answer 14

Surface area to size ratio

Question 15

the problem cells would encounter if they were not generally small in size

Answer 15

The cell would take awhile to get rid of waste leading to death

Question 16

cell organelle.

Answer 16

Specialized subunit within a cell to perform specific function

Question 17

why it is beneficial for a cell to have organelles

Answer 17

They perform essential functions for cells to survive

Question 18

the process of endosymbiosis in your own words

Answer 18

When a bacteria absorbs another resulting in both benefiting. This new bacteria then regenerates

Question 19

at least 2 pieces of evidence that indicate that chloroplasts and mitochondria were probably once independently-surviving prokaryotic organisms.

Answer 19

They divide through binary fission like prokaryotes and have the same DNA type