Test 2--Chapter 28 Oxygen Needs

Question 1

What is oxygen?

Answer 1

• It is a gas
• It has no taste, odor, or color.
• It is a basic need required for life.

Question 2

What happens when there is a lack of oxygen?

Answer 2

• ˜Death occurs within minutes if breathing stops.
• ˜Brain damage and serious illness can occur without enough oxygen.

Question 3

What affects oxygen needs?

Answer 3

• Respiratory system status
• Circulatory system function
• Red blood cell (RBC) count
• Nervous system function
• Aging
• Exercise
• Fever
• Pain
• Drugs (respiratory depression, respiratory arrest)
• Smoking
• Allergies
• Pollutant exposure
• Nutrition
• Alcohol

Question 4

What are the three processes of respiratory function?

Answer 4

• Air moves into and out of the lungs.
• O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) are exchanged at the alveoli.
• The blood carries O2 to the cells and removes CO2 from them.

Question 5

Hypoxia

Answer 5

inadequate oxugen

Question 6

What is normal breath rate?

Answer 6

12 to 20 breaths per minute

Question 7

Tachypnea

Answer 7

rapid breathing

Question 8

Hypoxemia

Answer 8

˜a reduced amount of oxygen in the blood.

Question 9

bradypnea

Answer 9

slow breathing

Question 10

apnea

Answer 10

lack of breathing

Question 11

Hypoventilation

Answer 11

means respirations are slow, shallow, and sometimes irregular.

Question 12

hyperventilation

Answer 12

˜respirations are rapid and deeper than normal.

Question 13

dyspnea

Answer 13

˜difficult, labored, or painful breathing.

Question 14

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Answer 14

• Respirations gradually increase in rate and depth.
• Then they become shallow and slow.
• Breathing may stop (apnea) for 10 to 20 seconds.

Question 15

Orthopnea

Answer 15

breathing deeply and comfortably only when sitting.

Question 16

Biot’s respirations

Answer 16

˜are rapid and deep respirations followed by 10 to 30 seconds of apnea.

Question 17

Kussmaul respirations

Answer 17

very deep and rapid respirations

Question 18

cyanosis

Answer 18

•bluish color to the skin, lips, mucous membranes, and nail beds.

Question 19

hemoptysis

Answer 19

bloody (hemo) sputum (ptysis means “to spit”); note if the sputum is bright red, dark red, blood-tinged, or streaked with blood

Question 20

Pulse oximeter

Answer 20

˜ measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood.

Question 21

What is normal oxygen saturation in arterial blood?

Answer 21

95% to 100%

Question 22

How is oxygen saturation recorded?

Answer 22

as SpO₂

Question 23

What positions are best to promote oxygenation?

Answer 23

• Breathing is usually easier in semi-Fowler’s and Fowler’s positions.
• Persons with difficulty breathing often prefer the orthopneic position.
• Frequent position changes are needed.

Question 24

Orthopneic position

Answer 24

is sitting up and leaning over a table to breathe.

Question 25

What moves air into most all parts of the lungs?

Answer 25

deep breathing

Question 26

What helps to remove mucus from the lungs?

Answer 26

coughing

Question 27

Oxygen is supplied in four ways. They are _____________.

Answer 27

• Wall outlet
• Oxygen tank
• Oxygen concentrator
• Liquid oxygen system

Question 28

List five common oxygen devices.

Answer 28

• Nasal cannula
• Simple face mask
• Partial-rebreather mask
• Non-rebreather mask
• Venturi mask

Question 29

What are the units for oxygen flow rate?

Answer 29

liters per minute

L/m

Question 30

What is added to the humidifier to prevent oxygen therapy from drying the airways?

Answer 30

distilled water

Question 31

You should notify the nurse if you observe two things with the humidifier. What are they?

Answer 31

• no bubbling
• low water level

Question 32

What are other types of oxygen support and therapy?

Answer 32

• Tracheostomy care pg. 459
• Assisting with suctioning pg. 459-460
• Mechanical ventilation pg.461
• Chest tubes pg. 462-463