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Psych 1012 > test 2 chapter 13 personality > Flashcards

test 2 chapter 13 personality Flashcards

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1
Q

what is personality?

A

the distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a person’s responses in life

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2
Q

in freud’s model of personality, what are the 3 levels of consciousness?

A

1) conscious - awareness of environment
2) preconscious - available to awareness (names, phone numbers)
3) unconscious - unavailable to awareness (repressed memories)

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3
Q

in freud’s model of personality, what is superego?

A

a sense of mortality - values of what is right or wrong - unconscious

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4
Q

in freud’s model of personality, what is ego?

A

the conscious aspect of personality - balancing demands of id and superego

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5
Q

in freud’s model of personality, what is Id?

A

unconscious - pleasure principle

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6
Q

an overly impulsive person would have a large….

A

Id

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7
Q

what are defence mechanisms

A

maladaptive response when there is no way to satisfy the demands if Id and superego

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8
Q

what are the 8 defence mechanisms?

A
  • repression (primary defence mechanism
  • denial
  • projection
  • displacement
  • intellectualization
  • rationalization
  • reaction formation
  • sublimation
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9
Q

of defence mechanisms, what is sublimation?

A

the healthy option - a repressed impulse is released in the form of a socially acceptable or even admired behaviour

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10
Q

in defence mechanisms, what is projection?

A

when an unacceptable impulse is repressed and then attributed to other people ( drive by dairy queen, want some, judge weaklings there eating it)

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11
Q

in defence mechanisms, what is displacement?

A

when a potentially dangerous impulse is repressed, redirected at safer target (eat frozen yogurt at home instead of sundae at DQ)

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12
Q

in defence mechanisms, what is intellectualization?

A

emotion connected w upsetting event repressed, situation dealt w as an intellectually interesting event

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13
Q

in defence mechanisms what is rationalization

A

a person constructs a false but plausible explanation for behaviour (eat hot fudge sundae, say it will help migrant farmers who harvest cocoa)

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14
Q

in defence mechanisms what is reaction formation?

A

an anxiety arousing impulse is repressed, energy finds release in exaggerated expression of the opposite behaviour (you judge local DQ bc they have no low fat options)

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15
Q

what is psychosexual development?

A

focuses on pleasure sensitive areas of body, with adult personality developing through these stages

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16
Q

what leads to fixation?

A

deprivations or overindulgences at any given stage can lead to fixation

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17
Q

what are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A

1) oral stage - 0-2 (mouth zone)
2) anal stage - 2-3 (anus)
3) phallic stage - 4-6 (genitals- resolving oedipal complex aka penis envy and castration anxiety)
4) latency stage - 7-puberty (social relationships)
5) genital stage - puberty onwards (genitals)

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18
Q

what are sample fixations?

A

1) anal-retentive: exhibiting tendency for excessive control over how things are done
2) oral fixation - obsession with oral stimulation, thought to be due to problem during weaning

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19
Q

what are archetypes

A

a collectively inherited unconscious idea present in individual psyches…myths (wise old man)

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20
Q

what was karen horneys theory?

A 
3 personality types
3 types of people, either normal or neurotic with:
	- Moving toward others
	- Moving against others
        - Moving away from others
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21
Q

what is psychoanalysis vs psychodynamic?

A

psychoanalysis was freud’s original theory (obsolete)

psychoanalysis are theories by other people that build on freud, but are different

22
Q

what is unconditional positive regard?

A

to self actualize, people need to be loved and accepted by other people

23
Q

what is conditions of worth?

A

believing that some aspects of our experience are deserving of love/praise, other are not. inhibits self actualization

24
Q

what is self actualization?

A

The motivation to realize one’s own maximum potential and possibilities

25
Q

what is congruence?

A

consistency between self perceptions and experience

26
Q

what is the forer effect?

A

tendency of people to rate sets of statements as highly accurate for them personally even though the statements could apply to many people

27
Q

what is the lexical hypothesis?

A

classifying words into similar groups to summarize human personality

28
Q

what does the 5 factor model of personality consist of? (OCEAN)

A

1) openness
2) conscientiousness
3) extraversion
4) Agreeableness
5) Neuroticism

29
Q

what is openness (to experience)?

A

self rated estimates of intelligence - how reflective, imaginative, artistic and refined a person is

30
Q

what is conscientiousness?

A

being organized or disorganized, careful or careless, disciplined or impulsive - the personality trait of being thorough, careful, or vigilant

31
Q

what is extraversion?

A

the tendency to experience positive affect (tendency to be socially dominant - sociable or reserved)

32
Q

what is agreeableness?

A

valuing getting along with others - pro-social, easily taken advantage of

33
Q

what is neuroticism?

A

the tendency to experience negative affect (calm vs anxious,secure vs insecure )

34
Q

true or false: personality traits are relatively stable over time

A

true! however, there are some systematic changes that occur throughout life

35
Q

what is narcissism?

A

a dark tetrad - characterized by being egotistical, attention seeking, having an inflated sense of self worth

36
Q

what is machiavellianism?

A

purposely manipulating other people to further your own needs

37
Q

what is psychopathy?

A

acting charmfing, shallow emotions, impulsive, antisocial

38
Q

what is sadism?

A

deriving pleasure from inflicting pain on people

39
Q

what is the QTL approach to genetics and personality?

A

looking for specific location of DNA on genes associated with particular behaviours

40
Q

what is DRD4

A

“thrill” gene associated with impulsivity, longer the gene the more overactive the dopamine reward system

41
Q

what is psychoticism?

A

delusional anti social behaviour

42
Q

what is extroversion?

A

the quality of being outgoing and directing attention to things other than yourself - associated with under aroused brains seeking to maximize stimulation

43
Q

what is introversion?

A

the act of directing one’s attention toward or getting gratification from one’s own interests, thoughts, and feelings - associated with over aroused brains seeking to minimize stimulation

44
Q

according to Eysenck, extraverts have a ____ nervous system and introverts have a ____ nervous system

A 
extraverts = strong nervous system
introverts = weak nervous system
45
Q

the behavioural approach system of extraversion

A

responsible for motivation to achieve positive emotions - positive reinforcement

46
Q

behavioural inhibition system approach of neuroticism

A

responsible for motivation to avoid threats - punishment - amygdala plays key role

47
Q

why do introverts drool more than extroverts?

A

salivation is an indirect measure of physiological arousal - introverts have a higher baseline level of arousal

48
Q

what is reciprocal determinism?

A

personality, environment and behaviour all influence one another - causation is not simply one way

49
Q

what is walter mischels social cognitive learning theory?

A

peoples personality traits are not consistent for all situations, but are consistent per situation

50
Q

what is the fundamental postulate (George Kelly’s Theory)

A

a persons processes are psychologically dealt with based on the way they anticipate an event

51
Q

what is self monitoring?

A

a personality scale measuring the tendency to monitor ones behaviours and change behaviour to match a situation

high levels mean typically change behaviour to match situation

low levels mean act same in nearly all situations

52
Q

what are the ways to measure personality?

A

behavioural observation, interviewing, projective tests, questionnaires

Psych 1012 (9 decks)

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