test 2 chapter 11 motivation and emotion Flashcards
define motivation
the urge to move toward ones goals - accomplish tasks
what is a need?
an inherently biological state of deficiency that compel drives
what is drive (push)?
perceived state of tension that occurs when our bodies are deficient of some need
what is incentive (pull)?
any external object or event that motivates behaviour
Oxygen is an example of ____, breathing is an example of____, and maintaining air supply is an example of ____ ____
Need, Drive, Motivated Behaviour
what is Maslow’s Hierarchy?
a pyramidal model starting from broadest to most fundamental higher order needs - primary needs must be met before higher order needs can be met
what are the steps of Maslow’s Hierarchy? (from broad to higher order)
Physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, esteem, self acctualization
what is self actualization?
a state of self fulfillment, psychological well being
what is esteem?
sense of self worth - confidence
water, food, sleep and sex are examples of ____ _____
physiological needs
what are the two motivations of the self determination theory?
1) extrinsic motivation
2) Intrinsic motivation
what is extrinsic motivation?
performing actions for external reinforcement or to avoid punishment (ex: do it for the money$$$)
what is intrinsic motivation?
self reinforcing experiences with no outside motivation or incentive needed (ex: going to the gym)
what about intrinsic motivation makes it important?
it is the energizing basis for natural organismic activity
what was the importance of Deci (1971) study - giving participants puzzles, magazines and pay/no pay?
external rewards may increase behaviour. but they often reduce intrinsic motivation, ultimately reducing well being and sense of purpose
what drives intrinsic motivation?
Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness
what is autonomy?
A driver of intrinsic motivation, feeling that one is free of external pressures and able to make choices freely
what is competence?
a driver of intrinsic motivation; taking on challenging tasks and experiencing a sense of mastery
what is relatedness?
a driver of intrinsic motivation; caring for others, satisfying involvement with the social world
what is stomach distension and does it evoke hunger?
stomach distension is an enlarging or ballooning effect; studies have shown that it is correlated with hunger pangs but hunger is still present when stomach is removed
Blood glucose levels show a drop and then rise in glucose, why is this?
the liver converts glycogen (stored energy) to glucose when we run out of food
what is the importance of neuropeptides Y (NPY), orexin, ghrelin….
they stimulate hunger
what is the importance of insulin, leptin, peptide YY…
they inhibit hunger
the following describe which hormone: produced by pancreas, transports glucose out of blood into cells, promotes satiety (fullness)
insulin