chapter 10 - human development Flashcards
what is a cross sectional design
a research design in which different people of various ages are studied at one point in time to find age related differences
what is a longitudinal design
research design in which the same people are studied over time at various ages to find age related changes
what is a longitudinal sequential design?
a research design in which two or more age groups of people are studied repeatedly over time
what is the first stage of prenatal development?
germinal stage
when does the germinal stage begin/last?
begins at conception, lasts two weeks
what is the second stage of prenatal development and how long does it last?
embryonic stage - 2-8 weeks after conception - when all major organs form
What is the third and final stage of prenatal development and how long does it last?
fetal stage - begins w formation of bone cells 8 weeks after conception and ends at brith
what is neural migration/when does it occur?
the movement of neurons from fetal brain to more permanent destination - 3-5 months of fetal stage
developmental psychologists study changes in
physical, cognitive, social-emotional domains
in the nervous system, migration leads to…
functionality
what are teratogens?
substances that can disrupt prenatal development ex: thalidomide ex: fetal alcohol
In teratogens, when do they typically cause the most damage?
earlier exposure means stronger effects, except in germinal stage when baby is not yet connected to mother
when does vision develop
mostly after birth
what is preferential looking?
research technique used to test an infants perceptual abilities by measuring which stimulus an infant gazes at longest
what are the 2 major principles of early motor development?
1) cephalocaudal
2) proximodistal
what is the cephalocaudal principle?
kids tend to gain control over their heads before their arms or feed
what is the proximodistal principle?
developing begins inner and moves outward…eventually gaining control of digits, fingers
what is a U shaped development reflex
refelxes that drop out after 6 weeks and return later in life as a voluntary action ex: stepping movements
what is the habituation dishabituation paradigm
research method used to test babies abilities to discriminate between and new and familiar stimulus
what is habituation
decrease in strength of response to a repeated stimulus
according to piaget, what is assimilation
incorporate new info into existing schema - seeing world from own point of view
according to piaget, what is accommodation?
changing existing schemas to incorporate new info - changing point of view
How long is the sensorimotor stage
0-2 years
what is the sensorimotor stage?
piagets first stage when infants learn about the world by using their senses and by moving their bodies