Test 2 Flashcards
Same concentration as blood
Isotonic
Lower particle concentration than the bloodstream
Hypotonic
More solute than in the blood
Hypertonic solution
Fluid inside the cell
Intercellular fluid
Fluid inside the blood vessels (plasma)
Extracellular fluid
Fluid outside the cell but not in the vascular system
Interstitial fluid
Molecules that pass from a higher concentration to a low one to achieve osmosis
Diffusion
Movement from a lower concentration to a higher one
Osmosis
When fluid needs something to help it get inside the cell
Facilitated transport
The type of transport that requires energy; ATP
Active transport (ex: Na/K pump)
Hydrostatic pressure pulls fluid out from the capillaries into the ICF and ISF, oncotic pressure pulls it back in due to the pressure exerted by solutes in a solution
Sterling’s Law
How does RAAS help maintain homeostasis?
Replenishes blood volume and raises BP by conserving fluid
Dehydration and a diminished level of circulating blood volume
Symptoms include:
- poor skin turgor
- low bp
- high hr
- dry mucous membranes
- low urine output
- thirst center activated in hypothalamus
Hypovolemia
Fluid overload; too much fluid in the blood
Hypervolemia
What is the main cause of hypervolemia?
Heart failure
The main cellular ion that controls the distribution of water
Sodium (Na)
What is the normal value for sodium (Na)?
135-145 meq/L
Involved in nerve impulses to the heart and the skeletal muscles.
Potassium (K)
What is the main cation in cells?
Potassium
What is the normal values for potassium?
3.5-5.2 meq/dL
The major mineral in bones and teeth; regulated by the parathyroid hormone
Calcium
Normal values for calcium
8.7-10 mg/dL
What mineral can lead to diminished neuromuscular function and kidney failure if too high?
Magnesium (Mg)
What mineral he a reciprocal relationship with calcium?
Phosphorous