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motor learning > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what did fits law show

A

showed we could mathematically predict movement time for speed-accuracy skills

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2
Q

what is open loop control

A

is at movement initiation

moves limb to vicinity of target

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3
Q

what is closed loop control

A

is at movement termination

need feedback from vision/proprioception to ensure contact

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4
Q

3 movement phases

A
  1. prep phase- assess regulatory conditions
  2. initial flight phase- motor limb displacement + velocity (shift vision to keyhole @ 50% time to contact)
  3. Termination phase- provide info to correct movement errors
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5
Q

3 components of prehension

A

transport
grasp
manipulation

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6
Q

When does max grip aperture occur

A

2/3 MT

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7
Q

what are bimanual coordination skills

A

motor skills that require simultaneous use of 2 arms

2 arms prefer to move symetrically

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8
Q

3 phases of catching a moving object

A
  1. initial positioning of arm and hand
  2. shaping of hands + fingers
  3. grasping object
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9
Q

how much earlier do successful ball catchers initiate final fingers and hand

A

80msec

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10
Q

is hand vision essential for catching

A

experienced people doesn’t matter

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11
Q

what is ball speed effect

A

skilled strikers demonstrate similar bat movement time for all ball speeds but change time before initiating movement

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12
Q

do skilled strikers maintain visual contact with ball

A

no, jump from early flight to predicted strike location

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13
Q

what is a central pattern generator?

A

in the spinal cord

provide basis for stereotypic rhythmicity of walking and running gait

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14
Q

what is spontaneous gait transisions

A

people change from walking to running at critical speeds as it is more efficient

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15
Q

Tactile (meissners) corpucsle

A

light touch

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16
Q

tactile(merkles) corpucsle

A

touch

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17
Q

free nerve ending

A

pain

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18
Q

lamellated (pacinian) corpuscle

A

vibration and deep pressure

19
Q

ruffini corpuscle

A

warmth

20
Q

what are muscle spindles/ where are they located

A

in most skeletal muscle in a capsule of specialized muscle fibres (intrafusal + extramural)

detects changes in muscle length + velocity
enables detection of changes in joint angle

21
Q

what are golgi tendon organs/where are they located

A

near insertion of tendon

detects changes in muscle tension (not length)

22
Q

what are joint receptors

A

located in joint capsul+ligaments

force and rotation applied to joint
joint movement angles

23
Q

what is surgical deafferention

A

afferent neural pathways associated w movement of interest have been surgically removed

24
Q

what is deafferentation due to sensory neuropathy

A

large myelinated fibres of the limb are lost, leading to a loss of all sensory info except pain/temp

25
Q

moving room experiment results

A

when all walls moved, infants lost balance+ often fell over

visual system specifies self movement

26
Q

temporal occulation vs event occulation tech

A

temp- stop video or film at various times/ liquid crystal glasses

event- mask view on video/film on specific events

27
Q

binocular vision is important for

A

depth perception when 3d objects involved (reaching, walking on busy path, intercepting moving object)

28
Q

what is central(foveal) vision

A

middle 2-5deg of visual field

provides specific info to allow us to achieve action goals(regulatory conditions,aviod obstacles

29
Q

what is peripheral vision

A

detects vision up to ~200 deg

provides info about environment context/limb movement

30
Q

what is optical flow important for

A

gauge movement speed

31
Q

ventral stream of vision ( anatomical position + what is ut used for)

A
  • from visual cortex to temporal lobe

- for fine analysis and is available to consiousness

32
Q

dorsal stream of vision (anatomical position + what is it used for)

A

from visual cortex to posterior parietal lobe

for detecting spacial characteristics of a scene + guiding movement
not available to consiousness

33
Q

what does perception- action coupling refer to

A

refers to coupling of perceptual info+movement

34
Q

what is tau

A

object to person or vice versa

auto, not conscious specification based on changing size of object on retina( at critical size, movement is initiated

35
Q

when does action prep occur

A

between action intention + initiation

36
Q

how does number or response choices influence preparation

A

hicks law- RT increases as number of stem choices increase

-if it is predictable RT increases

37
Q

what is the quickest RT for one choice ( and longest for max)

A

quick-200ms

long-700ms

38
Q

how does probablility of precue correctness influence prep

A

Faster RT if probability of precue correctness is higher than if probability of possible choices are equally possible

39
Q

how does stimulus-response compatibility influence preperation

A

RT decreases when increased spacial compatibility between stim and response

40
Q

what is the stroop effect

A

relation between color and color names

green written in red would increase RT

41
Q

how would fore period length regularity influence prep

A
  • RT decreases with interval between warning and go signal is more regular
42
Q

how would time between different responses to signals influence prep

A

RT increases if you get faked out ( trying to prep for 2 stimuli)

43
Q

what are the 2 performer characteristics that influence prep

A

alertness of performer( warning signal =more ready, long foreperiod=less ready, less viagalence= less ready)

attention focused on signal vs movement ( RT increase if focus on signal)

44
Q

5 events that occur during prep

A
  1. Anticipatory postural adjustments(organize movements)
  2. limb performance characteristics(movement direction)
  3. object control characteristics(force control)
  4. sequence of movements
  5. rhymicity prep

motor learning (10 decks)

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