test 2 Flashcards
what did fits law show
showed we could mathematically predict movement time for speed-accuracy skills
what is open loop control
is at movement initiation
moves limb to vicinity of target
what is closed loop control
is at movement termination
need feedback from vision/proprioception to ensure contact
3 movement phases
- prep phase- assess regulatory conditions
- initial flight phase- motor limb displacement + velocity (shift vision to keyhole @ 50% time to contact)
- Termination phase- provide info to correct movement errors
3 components of prehension
transport
grasp
manipulation
When does max grip aperture occur
2/3 MT
what are bimanual coordination skills
motor skills that require simultaneous use of 2 arms
2 arms prefer to move symetrically
3 phases of catching a moving object
- initial positioning of arm and hand
- shaping of hands + fingers
- grasping object
how much earlier do successful ball catchers initiate final fingers and hand
80msec
is hand vision essential for catching
experienced people doesn’t matter
what is ball speed effect
skilled strikers demonstrate similar bat movement time for all ball speeds but change time before initiating movement
do skilled strikers maintain visual contact with ball
no, jump from early flight to predicted strike location
what is a central pattern generator?
in the spinal cord
provide basis for stereotypic rhythmicity of walking and running gait
what is spontaneous gait transisions
people change from walking to running at critical speeds as it is more efficient
Tactile (meissners) corpucsle
light touch
tactile(merkles) corpucsle
touch
free nerve ending
pain
lamellated (pacinian) corpuscle
vibration and deep pressure
ruffini corpuscle
warmth
what are muscle spindles/ where are they located
in most skeletal muscle in a capsule of specialized muscle fibres (intrafusal + extramural)
detects changes in muscle length + velocity
enables detection of changes in joint angle
what are golgi tendon organs/where are they located
near insertion of tendon
detects changes in muscle tension (not length)
what are joint receptors
located in joint capsul+ligaments
force and rotation applied to joint
joint movement angles
what is surgical deafferention
afferent neural pathways associated w movement of interest have been surgically removed
what is deafferentation due to sensory neuropathy
large myelinated fibres of the limb are lost, leading to a loss of all sensory info except pain/temp
moving room experiment results
when all walls moved, infants lost balance+ often fell over
visual system specifies self movement
temporal occulation vs event occulation tech
temp- stop video or film at various times/ liquid crystal glasses
event- mask view on video/film on specific events
binocular vision is important for
depth perception when 3d objects involved (reaching, walking on busy path, intercepting moving object)
what is central(foveal) vision
middle 2-5deg of visual field
provides specific info to allow us to achieve action goals(regulatory conditions,aviod obstacles
what is peripheral vision
detects vision up to ~200 deg
provides info about environment context/limb movement
what is optical flow important for
gauge movement speed
ventral stream of vision ( anatomical position + what is ut used for)
- from visual cortex to temporal lobe
- for fine analysis and is available to consiousness
dorsal stream of vision (anatomical position + what is it used for)
from visual cortex to posterior parietal lobe
for detecting spacial characteristics of a scene + guiding movement
not available to consiousness
what does perception- action coupling refer to
refers to coupling of perceptual info+movement
what is tau
object to person or vice versa
auto, not conscious specification based on changing size of object on retina( at critical size, movement is initiated
when does action prep occur
between action intention + initiation
how does number or response choices influence preparation
hicks law- RT increases as number of stem choices increase
-if it is predictable RT increases
what is the quickest RT for one choice ( and longest for max)
quick-200ms
long-700ms
how does probablility of precue correctness influence prep
Faster RT if probability of precue correctness is higher than if probability of possible choices are equally possible
how does stimulus-response compatibility influence preperation
RT decreases when increased spacial compatibility between stim and response
what is the stroop effect
relation between color and color names
green written in red would increase RT
how would fore period length regularity influence prep
- RT decreases with interval between warning and go signal is more regular
how would time between different responses to signals influence prep
RT increases if you get faked out ( trying to prep for 2 stimuli)
what are the 2 performer characteristics that influence prep
alertness of performer( warning signal =more ready, long foreperiod=less ready, less viagalence= less ready)
attention focused on signal vs movement ( RT increase if focus on signal)
5 events that occur during prep
- Anticipatory postural adjustments(organize movements)
- limb performance characteristics(movement direction)
- object control characteristics(force control)
- sequence of movements
- rhymicity prep
