Test #2 Flashcards
Apgar
A test given to babies immediately after birth and again 5 mins later
Perinatal environment
All of the elements affecting the birth of the baby
Anoxia
Shortage of oxygen that can cause serious effects on the brain or even death
Infant states
Constant patterns of sleeping and waking
Rubella
A strand of German measles
Critical period
A time of rapid growth when the organism is especially sensitive to the environmental influences
Fetal position
The position where the fetus’ head is down and limbs are curled in
Cerebral palsy
A motor disability in which the affected individuals have difficulty controlling arm, leg, and head muscles
SIDS
Healthy babies go to sleep and don’t wake up
Engrossment
The intense fascination of the parents with the newborn
Male
XY indicates gender
Forceps
Medical instruments used to pull stuck babies out
Breech
Babies buttocks first
Thalidomide
Morning sickness drug that resulted in 1000s of dammed people
Female
Represented by xx
Caesarian section
A surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the moms abdomen and uterus so the baby can be removed
Teratogens
Any disease, drug, or environmental agent that can cause harm to developing fetus
Part 2
Part 2
Chorion
The outside membrane layer that will later become the lining of the placenta
Villi
The name of the root like extensions that attach to the lining of the uterus to nourish the fetus
Lamaze
Techniques for birthing with minimal pain without use of medication
Organogenesis
The process of major organs taking shape in its least primitive form
Zygote
The single cell formed when sperm unites with egg
Amnion
The inside layer, a water tight membrane that fills with fluid to cushion and protect the baby
Placental barrier
The membrane that allows only small molecules to get through, preventing large blood cells from the embryo as well as from the mother from passing between
Environment
Any event or condition outside the organism that’s presume to influence or be influenced by the persons development
Ovum
Another name for egg cell
Physical environment
Includes everything from molecules that reached the fetus’ bloood stream before birth, to the architecture of your home, to the climate outside.
Reciprocal relationship
When we influence and shape our environment and vise versa
Mitosis
The process of the zygote splitting
Social environment
Includes all the people who can influence and be influenced by the developing person as well as the broader culture
Blastula
A hollow ball, about the size of a pin head
Surfactant
A substance that sits breathing, preventing the air sacs of the lungs from sticking together
Umbilical cord
The name of the tube that feeds the fetus
Short answer
Short answer
How many days does a female ovulate?
28 days
The egg leaves the ______ then it journeys through the ________ and down into the ______
Ovary, Fallopian tubes, uterus
If the ovum is not fertilized?
It disintegrates and leaves the body in menstruation
The human gestation period?
266 days or 9 months
Why the ovum is only fertilizated by one sperm cell
The fertilized zygote gives off a biochemical reaction that repels the other sperm and keeps them from penetrating
3 steps to pre natal development?
Germinal period 8-14 days
Embryonic period 2-8 weeks
Fetal period 9-38 weeks
The heart begins to beat at?
Week 4
How many blastulas fail to implant?
50% don’t implant where the uterus can sub-stain them or are abnormal and can’t progress
4 stages of pre natal development from conception
Zygote
Blastula
Embryo
Fetus
How do blastulas attach to the uterus?
Implanted tendrils called villi that are attached to the uterine wall
Pregnant woman don’t menstruate bc?
The embryo secrets a hormone, a biochemical reaction takes place that prevents menstruation
Why is woman not having a period when pregnant important?
If they do menstruate, they would shed the uteran lining and the embryo would likely exit with it in spontaneous abortion
During the second month of pregnancy, weeks 5-8 have important development of?
Eyes, ears, mouth and nose takes shape and buds form for the start of the development of arms and legs
Sexual differentiation occurs in what 2 weeks?
Week 7 and 8
Third month pregnant, weeks 12-16 have 2 important things happen?
External sex organs appear and bones and muscles develop
At 16 weeks or 4 months a fetus can?
Somersault, move arms, kick feet, make fist, swallow and urinate (digest)
What is the age of viability
6 months pregnant. Meaning is it possible for the baby to survive outside of the womb
Safest times to get pregnant or have babies
Age 16-35
After 49 what complications can occur
Birth complications Prematurity Low birth weight Chromosome abnormalities Spontaneous aborting
Why doctors worry about low birth weight babies?
Development in respiratory and nervous system aren’t fully developed making them not strong enough to keep a baby surviving
Immune system not developed so easier to get infections
Normal length of labour in first pregnancy
8-14 hours
5 possible reasons for post partum depression
Family history of depression
Steap drops in hormone levels after birth
Stresses associated with birth and delivery
Overwhelmed by the responsibilities of parent hood
Stressors such as relationship conflict
3 major goals in order parents have for children:
- Survival: Breast feeding, sleeping with parents, keeping baby close with up right sling all day, having many kids in hopes one day will survive and have children of their own continuing species.
- To provide physical survival and health of the children ensuring child’s life is long enough to have own kids. - Economic Self-sufficiency: Can they provide for themselves? Concerned about kids fostering skills and traits each child will need for economic self maintenance as an adult. How the kids will live on their own especially when parents are no longer there/around to fall back on. Will the kids be able to look after aging parents?
- Self Actualization: to foster capacities for maximizing the cultural values, religion, achievement, wealth, and prestige, and a sense of personal satisfaction.
Positive life styles before/ during pregnancy
Quit smoking Avoid drugs and alcohol Seek good prenatal care Have a good diet Protect against diseases Enroll in prenatal classes
