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Psychology 30 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Test #1

A

Multiple Choice

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2
Q

He was famous for stimulus response studies, looking for the connection between behaviour and an independent variable, he thought the rewarded behaviours would persist and punished behaviours would desist, he did lots of experiments with salivating dogs.

A

Ivan Pavlov

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3
Q

Famous for ethological theory in which he believed that behaviour is linked to biological processes, and therefor is linked to heredity. Most famous for 1987 research study, of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart

A

Thomas Bouchard

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4
Q

(Uncle Creepy) the Swiss psychologist known for his research on the mental processes utilized during the 4 developmental stages of intelligence of children and therefor cognitive theory.

A

Jean Piaget

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5
Q

The founder of psychoanalysis, his theory focuses on intrinsic drives and motives, he explored dream analysis and hypnotism. He’s famous for his theories on gender issues hidden in the subconscious rooted in traumatic childhood experiences.

A

Sigmund Freud

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6
Q

Established the first psychology lab in Canada in 1879

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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7
Q

Really into social learning theory, and believed our behaviour is controlled by environmental influences, what is modelled for children is often the behaviour they will acquire, “Monkey see monkey do”.

A

Albert Bandura

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8
Q

Focused his attention on sociocultural factors, such as: family, culture, and society, he thought our behaviours are influenced by over lapping systems of concentric circles of support from our inner-circle of intimate relationships to less immediate factors in our world.

A

Urie Bronfenbrenner

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9
Q

This research begins with a question that is translated into a hypothesis or prediction. It relies on the scientific method and experimental conditions to provide data.

A

Quantitative

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10
Q

Refers to the time that an organism, material, or object can survive or last.

A

Lifespan

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11
Q

The civilization of given people or a nation at a given time.

A

Culture

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12
Q

A specialized approach to acquiring knowledge

A

Science

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13
Q

The extent to which a test actually measures what it claims to measure

A

Validity

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14
Q

A personal opinion favouring a particular leaning

A

Bias

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15
Q

A statement or prediction that is assumed to be true, used as a basis for gathering research data.

A

Hypothesis

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16
Q

Research findings to test questions must be credible, unbias, reliable, verifiable, and observable. This research style adheres to the process or concept (whole umbrella of that).

A

Scientific Method

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17
Q

How you view your relationship to your environment, both natural and human is based on your belief overtime. This is your overriding outlook on life, that determines life choices.

A

Worldview

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18
Q

This research method begins with an inquiry rather than a hypothesis, seeking information, investigating a topic.

A

Qualitative

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19
Q

The degree to which studies yield the same results when used to measure the same object, trait, or behaviour.

A

Reliability

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20
Q

A society in which people from different ethnic backgrounds with different beliefs and practices live together in an atmosphere of mutual respect

A

Multicultural

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21
Q

Refers to the concept that depending on the individuals life conditions, development may take many paths.

A

Plastic

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22
Q

Tested and confirmed to be true and correct.

A

Verified

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23
Q

Development consists of physical, cognitive, socioeconomical, and spiritual dimensions

A

Multidimensional

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24
Q

Refers to the concept of several different types of research, in various fields of study, all studying human development.

A

Multidisciplinary

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25
Q

These psychologists focus on behaviour within sports environment

A

Sports Psychologist

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26
Q

These psychologists study the biological basis of behaviour

A

Psychobiologist

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27
Q

Focus on an individuals personal problems that do not involve psychological disorders.

A

Counselling psychologists

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28
Q

These people have a masters or doctor in psychology.

A

Psychologists

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29
Q

Physicians who after receiving their medical degree specialize in the treatment of mental disorders, they can prescribe medications.

A

Psychiatrists

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30
Q

How people change physically, cognitively, and socially over the entire life span.

A

Developmental

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31
Q

The ones who focus on behaviour within a workplace or employment setting.

A

Industrial/Organizational psychologist

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32
Q

Specialize in abnormal child development including disorders such as autism, hyperactivity, etc.

A

Psychopathology

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33
Q

Focus on all aspects of the learning process

A

Educational psychologist

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34
Q

Specialize in the study, diagnosis, causes, and treatments of mental disorders.

A

Clinical Psychologists

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35
Q

Focus on all aspects of cognition-memory, thinking, reasoning, language, etc.

A

Cognitive Psychologist

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36
Q

Focus on all basic psychological processes including perception, learning, and motivation.

A

Experimental

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37
Q

These psychologists focus on all aspects of social behaviour and social thought, they study how people think about and act with others.

A

Social Psychologists

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38
Q

This study involves finding information on a specific topic or issue

A

Topical Research

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39
Q

Research often involves observations of naturally occurring events, but never involves manipulation of different variables. How one variable effects another.

A

Correlation Studies

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40
Q

Researcher does not intervene at all, if possible, they are invisible and work hard not to interrupt the natural dynamics of the situation.

A

Naturalist observation

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41
Q

Researches set up all aspects of a particular event and have almost complete control over a social context, participants are unaware they are being involved in a controlled and often fake situation.

A

Field Experiments

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42
Q

Going out and asking or sending questionnaires about a subject of interest, especially useful for collecting a lot of data from lots of people.

A

Survey or Questionnaire

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43
Q

A face-to-face meeting in which the researcher asks a series of questions and the answers are recorded.

A

Interview

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44
Q

Researchers do this to find valuable way to contribute to human welfare and save lives, it would not be ethical to attempt this research on a person.

A

Research with animals

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45
Q

Researchers attempt to identify casual relations, they take care to create an environment in which they can make casual statements. They manipulate variables randomly assign participants…

A

Experiments

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46
Q

The researchers attempt to become accepted as one of the group they are researching to acquire information on how things are done from an insiders perspective.

A

Participant observation

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47
Q

Researchers control some of the aspects of the environment they are studying and watch to see how the subjects behave in a situation.

A

Structured Observation

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48
Q

Test #2

A

Multiple Choice

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49
Q

The test given to babies immediately after birth and again 5 minutes later to provide medical staff with a quick assessment

A

Apgar

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50
Q

All of the elements affecting the birth of the baby

A

Perinatal environment

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51
Q

This refers to a shortage of oxygen that can cause serious brain damage, results even death.

A

Anoxia

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52
Q

Coherent patterns of waking and sleeping are called..

A

Infant states

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53
Q

Another name for the German measles that can cause a lot of serious irreversible problems for babies if mom is exposed to the disease

A

Rubella

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54
Q

A time of rapid growth when the organism is especially sensitive to the environmental influences

A

Critical Period

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55
Q

Head down with the limbs curled in is called..

A

Fetal position

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56
Q

A motor disability in which the affected individual has difficulty controlling the muscles of the arms, legs, or head

A

Cerebral Palsy

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57
Q

Healthy babies go to sleep and for reasons yet unknown, stop breathing and die.

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

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58
Q

The intense fascination of the parents with a newborn

A

Engrossment

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59
Q

Medical instrument looking like giant salad tongs used to pull a stuck babies head out

A

Forceps

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60
Q

The name for when babies are born buttocks first

A

Breech Presentation

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61
Q

The name of the morning sickness drug developed in West Germany that resulted in thousands of seriously deformed people

A

Thalidomide

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62
Q

On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, XX indicates that the gender of the baby will be…

A

Female

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63
Q

A surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the mother’s abdomen and uterus, so the baby can be removed

A

Caesarian Section

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64
Q

Any disease, drug, or environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus

A

Teratogen

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65
Q

The outside membrane layer that will later become the lining of the placenta

A

Chorion

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66
Q

The name for the root like extensions that attach to the lining of the Uterus to nourish the fetus

A

Villi

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67
Q

Techniques for birthing with minimal pain without medications

A

Lamaze

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68
Q

This refers to the processes of every major organ taking shape at least in primitive form

A

Organogenesis

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69
Q

The single cell formed when sperm unites with egg

A

Zygote

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70
Q

The inside layer, a water tight membrane that fills with fluid to cushion and protect the baby

A

Amnion

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71
Q

The name of the membrane that allows only small molecules to get through, preventing large blood cells from the embryo as well as from the mother from passing in-between

A

Placental barrier

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72
Q

Any event, or condition outside the organism that’s presumed to influence or be influenced by the persons development.

A

Environment

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73
Q

Another name for an egg cell is an…

A

Ovum

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74
Q

This includes everything from the molecules that reached the fetus bloodstream before birth, to the architecture of your home, to the climate outside.

A

Physical Environment

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75
Q

When we influence and shape our environment and likewise our environment influences and shapes us in return.

A

Reciprocal Relationship

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76
Q

The name of the process by which a zygote divides

A

Mitosis

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77
Q

This includes all the people who can influence and be influenced by the developing person, as well as the broader culture

A

Social environment

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78
Q

A hollow ball, about the size of a pin head

A

Blastula

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79
Q

A substance that aids breathing, preventing the air sacs of the lungs fro sticking together

A

Surfactant

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80
Q

The name of the tube that feeds the fetus

A

Umbilical cord

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81
Q

Becoming a Parent/Genetics

A

Test 3

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82
Q

Males are born with an extra X chromosome XXY, they are sterile, and develop feminine characteristics at puberty, such as enlarged breasts.

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

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83
Q

A serious mental illness that involves disturbances in logical thinking, emotional expression, and social behaviour.

A

Schizophrenia

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84
Q

This is also known as the German Measels, if the pregnant mom is exposed early in pregnancy the baby could be born with sight, hearing, heart problems or dead.

A

Rubella

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85
Q

This disease produces an accumulation of fat in the brain, usually killing the victim in early childhood, most common in French Canadians and Eastern Europeans , Jewish folks.

A

Tay-Sach’s Disease

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86
Q

These children cannot metabolize Phenylalanine, found in food because they lack the necessary enzyme. Phenylalanine accumulates in the body, converting to an acid that attacks nervous system..

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

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87
Q

A disease more prevalent in African American children, comes from 2 recessive genes, one inherited from each parent, where kids experience painful swelling of joints, severe fatigue, and die in adolescence. Blood cells are not the normal round shape, but more crescent shaped.

A

Sickle Cell Disease

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88
Q

This disease strikes in middle age, symptoms include dementia, loss of cognitive abilities as well as personality changes, drunk and jerky walk, slurred speech, etc. Eventually death.

A

Huntington’s Disease

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89
Q

Another name for trisomy 21, 3 x’s on chromosome 21 rather 2. XXX, characteristics are distinctive eyelid folds, short stubby limbs, thick tongues, and mental retardation.

A

Down Syndrome

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90
Q

A disease in which the blood won’t clot and the victim could bleed to death, a mutant from Queen Victoria, most common in males.

A

Hemophilia

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91
Q

Females are born missing an X chromosome, so XO, they are sterile and preform below average..

A

Turner Syndrome

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92
Q

The actual characteristics or traits of the way a person actually thinks, looks, behaves, feels, becomes..

A

Phenotype

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93
Q

Before pairs of chromosomes separate they line up and cross each other and parts are exchanged.

A

Crossing over

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94
Q

The name for people who carry a gene, usually recessive not always, for a disease that they may not get themselves, but may pass on to offspring. Ex, Sickle cell.

A

Carrier

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95
Q

Weaker, less frequent characteristics. Ex, Blue eyes

A

Recessive

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96
Q

When traits are not attributable to a single gene, but rather to multiple pairs.

A

Polygenic

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97
Q

A fertilized ova, divided to form mono zygotic twins

A

Identical twins

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98
Q

A service offering relevant information to parents suspecting risks for the unborn

A

Genetic Counselling

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99
Q

Two ova are released at the same time, or close to, and fertilized to from dizygotic twins.

A

Fraternal

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100
Q

A specialized process of cell division producing 23 chromosomes.

A

Meiosis

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101
Q

When two genes influence a trait, but neither one dominates.

A

Co-Dominance

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102
Q

The percentage of twins having the same trait.

A

Concordance Rates

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103
Q

This process, by which the zygote becomes multi-celled through cell division process.

A

Mitosis

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104
Q

The stronger, more common characteristic genes. Ex, brown eyes

A

Dominant

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105
Q

The pattern in which the chromosomes are arranged is called

A

Karyotype

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106
Q

Scientists preform experiments purposely to develop certain traits or characteristics.

A

Selective breeding

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107
Q

An attempt to improve the human race, altering the genetic makeup of a population. (What Hitler did)

A

Eugenics

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108
Q

A pecking order in which each group member has a ranking. (Kids on playground)

A

Dominance Hierarchy

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109
Q

A new gene not passed down by parents, apparently appearing out of nowhere.

A

Mutation

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110
Q

When scientists study how much of an individual trait exists and to what degree

A

Correlation-Coefficients

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111
Q

The genetic makeup one inherits

A

Genotype

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112
Q

Amniotic fluid is extracted and tested for abnormalities

A

Amniocentesis

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113
Q

The idea that nature allows or selects those that should survive and reproduce those members of a species whose genes permit them to adapt to their environment.

A

Natural Selection

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114
Q

Hereditary units found on a specific location on a chromosome containing specific characteristics in an organism.

A

Genes

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115
Q

A pervasive third level, the outside, of cultural values, political philosophies, economic patterns, and social conditions

A

Macrosystem

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116
Q

The very tiniest, that have people very close, primary support system, involving people closest to us, whom we are emotionally attached

A

Microsystem

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117
Q

A blood sample taken from the brain stem, to asses neuro tube defects such as spina bifida

A

Alpha Feta Protein Test

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118
Q

The genetic transmission of traits and personalities from parent to offspring.

A

Heredity

119
Q

The period of time before fertilization takes place

A

Preconception

120
Q

A small sample of the placenta is extracted and tested

A

Chorion Villus Test

121
Q

Thread like strands of DNA and protein that contain genes and hereditary information

A

Chromosomes

122
Q

The secondary support system including agencies and institutions

A

Exosystems

123
Q

The approximate 1 million genes that comprise a person

A

Human Gene

124
Q

All the chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes, 22 pairs of chromosomes that are the same in males and females

A

Autosomes

125
Q

An agent or subject, toxin, virus,or drug, that causes malformations of the embryo or fetus.

A

Teratogen

126
Q

Inserting additional genes to alter an organisms genetic makeup

A

Genetic Engineering

127
Q

When fertilization takes place, when sperm meets ovum.

A

Conception

128
Q

The genetic endowment that members of a particular species have in common, including genes that cover maturation, and the aging process.

A

Species Heredity

129
Q

The 23rd pair of chromosomes determines gender

A

Sex Chromosomes

130
Q

High frequency sound waves produce an echo, to form a photograph of the inner structures

A

Ultra sound sonography

131
Q

The chemical compounds that twist to form the double helix, vertical ones. “Spiral things”

A

Poly Nucleotides

132
Q

Infancy & Childhood

A

Part 4

133
Q

Balances the need to explore and be close.

A

Secure attachment

134
Q

The infants don’t seem to care if mom leaves, but reject her, or get angry when she returns.

A

Resistant Attachment

135
Q

Involves infants that ignore or avoid their mother

A

Avoidant attachment

136
Q

The infants behave inconsistently, they are all over the place, seem confused and insecure.

A

Disorganized attachment

137
Q

Parents who attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of their children in adolescence in accordance with a set of codes of conducts (my way or the highway)

A

Authoritarian Parents

138
Q

Parents who allow their children in adolescence to participate in discussions and decisions affecting their lives

A

Democratic/Authoritative Parents

139
Q

Parents who let their children in adolescence have the final say, the parent are less controlling and have a non-punishing accepting attitude towards children

A

Permissive parents

140
Q

Parents who are typically egocentric in their child rearing, and attitudes toward their children

A

Uninvolved parents

141
Q

Refers to the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse or negligent treatment or mistreatment of children under the abs of 18.

A

Child abuse

142
Q

Children’s play that involves assuming adult behaviour and positions

A

Role-taking

143
Q

The process of redirecting sexual impulse energy into learning tasks

A

Sublimation

144
Q

A way to learn social development where kids learn the rules in a fun relaxing way without fear of rejection

A

Children’s game

145
Q

The process by which a child adopts the values and principles of their same sex parent

A

Identification

146
Q

Light periods in which an individual’s goal is to satisfy desires associated with social needs

A

Psycho social development

147
Q

The principle that a given quantity does not change when it’s appearance changes (cups of milk)

A

Conservation

148
Q

The internally programmed growth of a child

A

Maturation

149
Q

Infants die mysteriously in their sleep

A

Sudden Infant death syndrome

150
Q

A young child’s inability to understand another’s perspective

A

Egocentric

151
Q

An infants realization that an object exists, even when he or she can’t see or touch it

A

Object permanence

152
Q

The process of learning the rules of behavior of a particular culture.

A

Socialization

153
Q

The adjustment of ones schema, to include newly observed events and experiences.

A

Accomodation

154
Q

A conceptional framework that a person uses to make sense of the world (ex. dogs) The concept

A

Schema

155
Q

A deep, caring, close, and enduring emotional bond between infant and caregiver

A

Attachment

156
Q

When children use the same grammar rules for all situations, such as not distinguishing the past differences or regular and irregular verbs

A

Overgeneralization

157
Q

A relatively permanent change in behaviour, resulting from responses that change, as a result of experience

A

Learning

158
Q

When children learning a language convey meaning using only the basic words in the sentence. Just subject, verb, object. Me want cookie.

A

Telegraphic speech

159
Q

Babies put their hands and their mouths on things to obtain comfort

A

Tactile touch

160
Q

When kids are ready to learn and master a new skill

A

Maturational readiness

161
Q

The study of changes that occur as an individual matures

A

Developmental psychology

162
Q

The intellectual ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind

A

Representational thought

163
Q

The process of fitting objects, and experiences together into one schema

A

Assimilation

164
Q

When placed on the back, with the head turned towards one side, the baby stretches out its arm and leg on the facing side.

A

Tonic neck

165
Q

Reflects or portrays a person or object, touching the bottom of the babies feet.

A

Babinski

166
Q

Baby closes his eyes in response to light or something approaching the eye

A

Blinking

167
Q

This reflex portrays an infants response in turning towards the source of touching that occurs around its mouth

A

Rooting

168
Q

Babies make walking motions if held upright so the feet just touch the surface

A

Stepping/dancing

169
Q

Portrays an infants clinging response to a touch on the palm of his/her hand

A

Grasping

170
Q

Portrays an infant lying on its back, when startled by a loud noise, out of sight, above head, it will spread its arms at right angles to body, grasp upward, and spread its legs outward (spread eagle

A

Moro or startle

171
Q

Teens and young adults sexual desires are renewed. Individuals seek relationships in which they can give and take pleasure

A

Genital stage

172
Q

Pleasure or comfort is obtained through the mouth by sucking

A

Oral stage

173
Q

Children focus on the genitals, they seek the attention and affection of the different sex parents, and take on process of identifying with the same sex parent, internalizing values and morals

A

Phallic stage

174
Q

Grade ones put away the sexual concepts, reprising or directing the energy to exploring the world and learning

A

Latency stage

175
Q

Pleasure is obtained through elimination, as children learn to control physically and socially

A

Anal stage

176
Q

Combining or blending traditionally male and female characteristics.

A

Androgynous

177
Q

Groups consisting of people with similar positions in socio economic class

A

Class lines

178
Q

A set of behaviours organized around how either a male or female should think and behave

A

Gender Schema

179
Q

An oversimplified or distorted generalization about the characteristics of men and women

A

Gender Stereotyping

180
Q

The set of behaviours that society considers appropriate for each gender

A

Gender Role

181
Q

Acting in accordance with some specified authority

A

Conformity

182
Q

The neurotransmitter chemical that makes people feel happier

A

Seratonin

183
Q

An integrated sense of self

A

Identity

184
Q

How much one likes oneself

A

Self-esteem

185
Q

Often based on good looks, personality, and athletic ability.

A

Popularity

186
Q

Acts of running away, teen pregnancy, alcohol, drug abuse, which leads to under achievement in school

A

Juvenile Delinquency

187
Q

A period of conflict in which adolescence worry intensely about who they are

A

Identity Crisis

188
Q

Focuses on how we perceive, organize, and use information

A

Social Learning Theory

189
Q

A small exclusive group of people within a larger group,

A

Clique

190
Q

Freud says this is a result rather than the cause of identification

A

Gender Typing

191
Q

The sex group masculine or feminine to which an individual biologically belongs

A

Gender Identity

192
Q

The term for the first ejaculation

A

Spermarche

193
Q

A hormone imbalance that produces premature puberty

A

Precocious Puberty

194
Q

This psychologist said that identity is the key to adolescent development

A

Erikson

195
Q

Ceremonies or rituals in which an individual is admitted new status, or accepted to new position.

A

Initiation rites

196
Q

The point at which reproduction is first possible, at end of childhood

A

Puberty

197
Q

Many teens get into thinking about “what if “ in order to understand and offer suggestions towards world conditions

A

Hypothetical

198
Q

The term for the first menstrual period

A

Menarche

199
Q

Examining ones own thoughts and motives

A

Introspection

200
Q

This psychologist thought that adolescence is a rough time of storm and stress, confusion, and frustration

A

Hall

201
Q

Adolescence who believe they can save the world from evil

A

Messiah Complex

202
Q

The condition of uneven growth, or maturity of body parts

A

Asynchrony

203
Q

This psychologist considers adolescence to be an enjoyable, positive, healthy experience for most

A

Mead

204
Q

This psychologist says that peers teach us how to behave in the world, but parents supply the environment

A

Harris

205
Q

An individual’s attempt to explain unpleasant emotion or situation that will preserve his or her self-esteem

A

Rationalization

206
Q

Adolescence test

A

Review

207
Q

Last Test

A

Multiple choice

208
Q

Prejudice or discrimination against the elderly

A

Ageism

209
Q

The study of death and dying

A

Thanatology

210
Q

The idea that progressive physical and mental decline are inevitable with age

A

Decremental Model

211
Q

A decrease in mental abilities experienced by some in old age.

A

Senile Dementia

212
Q

The biological event in which a women’s production of sex hormones sharply decrease

A

Menopause

213
Q

A permanent disability as opposed to an acute or temporary disability- can’t get rid of

A

Chronic Disease

214
Q

The desire in middle age to use accumulated wisdom to guide the future generations

A

Generativity

215
Q

A discontinuation of development and the desire to recapture the past

A

Stagnation

216
Q

A facility designed to care for the special needs of the dying

A

Hospice

217
Q

A neurological condition that destroys the ability to think, remember, relate to others, and care for him or herself, a deteriorating of cognitive functioning.

A

Alzheimer’s disease

218
Q

Males that make it between the ages of 36 and 40 becoming fully independent

A

Boom

219
Q

When the last of the children finally leave home, the parents are called..

A

Empty Nesters

220
Q

A theory of aging in which some psychologists think the present mechanism limits the number of times our cells multiply and divide.

A

Biological Clock

221
Q

All of the psychological and biological changes that occur between ages 45 and 50.

A

Climacteric

222
Q

The ability to use accumulated knowledge

A

Crystallized Intelligence

223
Q

The ability to solve abstract relational problems, and generate a new hypotheses- learning new things.

A

Fluid Intelligence

224
Q
  • memory loss or forgetfulness
  • impaired attention
  • altered personality
  • difficulty relating to other people
  • distortion of time and place

What are these the symptoms of?

A

Senile Dementia

225
Q

Short Answer

A

Short Answer

226
Q

According to made selection research a male desires a female younger than himself.. why?

A

So she can bear his children and pass on his genes. She has younger ova, etc.

227
Q

A female chooses a male who’s older than herself because?

A

He can offer resources necessary to support a family.

228
Q

Two characteristics she especially looks for are?

A

Ambition/motivation and intelligence.

229
Q

The famous munk scientist that initiated genetic experiments to develop specialized characteristics for hardier plants?

A

Gregor Mendel

230
Q

Ann Anastasi says the important question is, “How heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) work together to make us what we are?”. Discuss the statement with examples and relate it to intelligence.

A

Journal:
It’s possible for genesis to estimate the heritability of measured intelligence. That how smart you are depends on both your inherited factors as well as the environment you grew up in. Genetics account for about 50% of your environment and 50% for genetics. Genetic endowment is more evident as you age. Remember, as you get older you’re going to be more like your biological parents as far as IQ goes. IQ increases from 50% in childhood to 80% in adulthood. Environment decreases from 30% in childhood to 0% in adulthood. Adoptive kids IQ is more like the biological parents, but can increase to up to 20 points if adopted into an intellectually stimulating home. Environmental factors influence how one’s genotype or genetic makeup is translated into a phenotype of actual traits. You may be born with a genetic propensity, but your environment often determines the outcome. Ex, diabetes or Jeanie. However, somethings like the most heritable traits like eye color are solely genetic. The most variable are our attitudes and social skills, etc. Which are more related to environment. Ex, Jeanie may have been born with the inherited genotype to be a nuclear physicist, extremely intelligent, but because of her abusive environment, with no stimulation from the outside world, her actual phenotype ended up with her not progressing to a level of more than a 5 year old.

231
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

232
Q

on the 23rd pair of chromosomes, an XY indicates that the gender of the baby will be…

A

Male

233
Q

characterized by refusing to eat and not maintaining weight

A

Anorexia Nervosa

234
Q

young male adults from ages 22-28.

A

Novices

235
Q

this refers to a serious eating disorder characterized by compulsive overeating, usually followed by self-induced vomiting and the abuse of laxatives

A

Bulimia

236
Q

a time of mixed abilities and responsibilities in which children-like behaviour changes to adult behaviour

A

Adolescence

237
Q

many teens think they are invincible, terrible things only happen to others.

A

Invulnerability

238
Q

the stage where adolescence have considered many ideas and options, and committed themselves to an occupation.

A

Identity Achievement

239
Q

the stage where adolescence have not given any thought to identity.

A

Identity confused or diffused

240
Q

The stage when adolescence consider the issues seriously, but have not made any decisions yet.

A

Identity Moratorium

241
Q

the stage where adolescence have made a firmed commitment based on what someone else thinks, not their own opinion.

A

Identity Foreclosure

242
Q

Symptoms include inability to concentrate, extreme sadness, worthlessness, thoughts of death and suicide.

A

Depression

243
Q

The fourth leading cause of death in the elderly in North America.

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

244
Q

ages 40 to 50 that marks the beginning of frustration and unhappiness, versus some people who find it to be a period of generativity.

A

Midlife transition

245
Q

Concepts to know

A

Long answer

246
Q

Modern Psychology root disciplines

A
  1. Science

2. Philosophy

247
Q

Nature

A

heredity, the DNA makeup (hair colour, eye colour, etc.)

248
Q

Nurture

A
  • environment (like KCS, or a school, shaping us)
249
Q

Basic research

A

Going out and getting the data

250
Q

Applied Research

A

using the basic data received and using it to find answers to solve problems.

251
Q

Focused Imaging

A

When sports psychologists work with someone to imagine or visualize in their mind the correct way to perform a skill, an example is what it feels like to do a perfect dive.

252
Q

Approximately how long is a female’s cycle (ovulation)?

A

28 Days

253
Q

The egg leaves the ovary, travels down through the..

A

Fallopian tubes,

254
Q

And from the fallopian tubes into the..

A

Uterus/womb

255
Q

If the ovum is not fertilized what happens?

A

It disintegrates and leaves the body with the menstrual flow.

256
Q

Human Gestation Period in days:

A

266 days

257
Q

Human Gestation Period in months:

A

9 months

258
Q

Why an ovum is only fertilized by one sperm?

A

The fertilized zygote gives off a biochemical reaction that repels the other sperm and keeps them from penetrating.

259
Q

The baby’s heart begins to beat at week

A

4

260
Q

How many blastula fail to implant

A

50%

261
Q

Of those blastula successful, what is the survival rate?

A

25%

262
Q

Stages of prenatal development from conception:

A

Zygote, Blastula, Embryo, Fetus

263
Q

How blastulas implant into the uterus:

A

tendrils called villi into the uterine wall/endometrium.

264
Q

Why do pregnant women cease menstruating?

A

The embryo secretes a hormone, biochemical reaction that prevents it from happening

265
Q

This is important because:

A

if they did menstruate, they would shed the uterine lining and the embryo would likely exit with it, spontaneous abortion

266
Q

What does the age of viability mean?

A

Survival outside of the womb is possible, at 6 months.

267
Q

The safest time for women to have babies is between:

A

ages 16 and 35

268
Q

Risks associated with pregnancy after this age:

A

Birth complications, prematurity, low birth weight, chromosome abnormalities, spontaneous aborting.

269
Q

Why do doctors worry about low birth weight:

A

the lungs (not enough surfactant), and brain may not be fully developed, their immune system may not be developed so more likely to develop infection.

270
Q

3 Stages of prenatal development

A
  • Germinal Period from 8-14 days
  • Embryonic Period from 2-8 weeks
  • Fetal Period from 9-38 weeks
271
Q

Normal length of labour for first time mother:

A

8-14 hours

272
Q

Post-partum depression:

A

Family history of depression (genetics), steep drops in hormones after delivery, stresses associated with child birth and deliver, overwhelmed by responsibilities, stresses in relationship conflicts.

273
Q

3 major goals parents have for children:

A
  1. Survival- so that they can reproduce, have children of their own and continue the species.
  2. Economic self-sufficiency- so that they can care for themselves, and live on their own, especially when parents are no longer around. Will the child be able to look after the parent?
  3. Self-Actualization- where they foster capacities to maximize the cultural values, religion, achievement, wealth, and prestige, a sense of personal satisfaction.
274
Q

If a women is considering becoming a mother she should:

A

Quit/give up smoking, seek good prenatal care, eat an adequate diet, protect against disease, avoid drugs, and enroll in Lamaze classes.

275
Q

Most affective parenting style:

A

Democratic/Authoritative because the children learn to handle responsibility, and they identify with their parents in decision making, they assume a cohesive identity.

276
Q

Normal birth weight

A

7.3 pounds

277
Q

Normal birth height

A

18-22 inches (20 ish)

278
Q

When researchers are dong experiments with new born infants, they watch for:

A

sucking, eye movements, and expressions or pleasure or displeasure.

279
Q

Visual Cliff, infant’s 4-6 moths:

A

they will be puzzled and confused though their mom is coaching them over.

280
Q

Babies 7-10 months: (Visual Cliff)

A

will not go, in fear of falling and getting hurt.

281
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development:

A
  1. Pre-conventional- obedience and punishment. Children are egocentric, all about themselves, and will do anything for rewards.
  2. Conventional- they are “people pleases” there is a strong belief in rules.
  3. Post-conventional- being the best they can be. Focus on empathy and justice. They do things because they are the right thing to do, they want the benefit of the common good.
282
Q

Erik Erikson says that the establishment of what is the key to adolescent development:

A

Assuming a cohesive identity

283
Q

Adults are at their physical peak between the ages of:

A

18-30

284
Q

Rites of passage:

A

birthdays, weddings, graduations, bar/bat mitzvahs

285
Q

Best good health choices:

A

exercise, diet , and lifestyle

286
Q

Major causes of death in the elderly:

A

Heart disease, cancer, stroke

287
Q

Most devastating life transition:

A

the loss of a spouse because they depend on each other for companionship.

288
Q

Disadvantages to students having jobs:

A

: less time to study, can create false ideas about money, gain false impressions/ideas of the workplace, and experience a false sense of affluation.

289
Q

5 stages of Death and Dying

A
  1. Denial- they experience shock and numbness. “it can’t be happening to me” or “I’ll get another opinion”
  2. Anger- “why me?” mad because the lost chances and shortened lifespan, they will miss out on experiences.
  3. Bargaining- ask God to make a deal, or bargain with the doctor about the diagnosis.
  4. Depression- due to the complete loss they feel hopeless. It’s important to not try to cover the sadness and force them to act happy. Allow them to express their sadness.
  5. Acceptance- they experience a sense of peace and calm. They deal with their belongings, saying who gets what. They may choose to become detached.
290
Q

Urie Bronfenbrenner’s concentric circle

A
  1. U(Inside) Microsystem- family, friends, peers, teachers, coached, religious community
  2. (Middle) Exosystem- school, media, community groups, health agencies
  3. (Outside) Macrosystem- Culture, society, time periods, economic conditions, world locations.
291
Q

Diagrams

A

Diagrams

292
Q

Endocrine System (diagram)

A 
(Brain)    Pineal Gland 
(By ear) Pituitary Gland
(Top neck) Parathyroid Gland 
(Neck) Thyroid gland 
(Top of kidney) Adrenal Gland 
(Between Kidneys) Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
293
Q

Baby in prenatal (diagram)

A

Uterine Wall (left side)

```
Right side
Placenta
Umbilical cord
Chorion (outside)
Amnion (inside)
Cervix
~~~

Psychology 30 (9 decks)

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