Test #2 Flashcards
Part A
Part A
The test given to babies immediately after birth and again 5 minutes later to provide medical staff with a quick assessment
Apgar
All of the elements affecting the birth of the baby
Perinatal environment
This refers to a shortage of oxygen that can cause serious brain damage, results even death.
Anoxia
Coherent patterns of waking and sleeping are called..
Infant states
Another name for the German measles that can cause a lot of serious irreversible problems for babies if mom is exposed to the disease
Rubella
A time of rapid growth when the organism is especially sensitive to the environmental influences
Critical period
Head down with the limbs curled in is called..
Fetal position
A motor disability in which the affected individual has difficulty controlling the muscles of the arms, legs, or head
Cerebral palsy
Healthy babies go to sleep and for reasons yet unknown, stop breathing and die.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
The intense fascination of the parents with a newborn
Engrossment
Medical instrument looking like giant salad tongs used to pull a stuck babies head out
Forceps
The name for when babies are born buttocks first
Breech
The name of the morning sickness drug developed in West Germany that resulted in thousands of seriously deformed people
Thalidomide
On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, XX indicates that the gender of the baby will be…
Female
A surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the mother’s abdomen and uterus, so the baby can be removed
Caesarian Section
Any disease, drug, or environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus
Teratogen
Part B
Part B
The outside membrane layer that will later become the lining of the placenta
Chorion
The name for the root like extensions that attach to the lining of the Uterus to nourish the fetus
Villi
Techniques for birthing with minimal pain without medications
Lamaze
This refers to the processes of every major organ taking shape at least in primitive form
Organogenesis
The single cell formed when sperm unites with egg
Zygote
The inside layer, a water tight membrane that fills with fluid to cushion and protect the baby
Amnion
The name of the membrane that allows only small molecules to get through, preventing large blood cells from the embryo as well as from the mother from passing in-between
Placental barrier
Any event, or condition outside the organism that’s presumed to influence or be influenced by the persons development.
Environment
Another name for an egg cell is an…
Ovum
This includes everything from the molecules that reached the fetus bloodstream before birth, to the architecture of your home, to the climate outside.
Physical Environment
When we influence and shape our environment and likewise our environment influences and shapes us in return.
Reciprocal Relationship
The name of the process by which a zygote divides
Mitosis
This includes all the people who can influence and be influenced by the developing person, as well as the broader culture
Social environment
A hollow ball, about the size of a pin head
Blastula
A substance that aids breathing, preventing the air sacs of the lungs fro sticking together
Surfactant
The name of the tube that feeds the fetus
Umbilical cord
Diagram
On the left hand side: -Uterine Wall Right side (top-bottom): -Placenta -Umbilical cord -Chorion -amnion (inside) -cervix
Short Answer
Short Answer
Approximately how many days a female ovulates?
28 days
The egg leaves the…
Ovary (egg/ova in the ovary)
Then it journeys through the..
Fallopian tube
And down into the..
Uterus or womb
Ovary->fallopian tube-> uterus/womb
If the ovum is not fertilized what happens?
It disintegrates and leaves the body with the menstrual flow
Human Gestation Period in days is..?
266 days
In months?
9 months
Why ovum is only fertilized by one sperm cell?
The fertilized zygote gives off a biochemical reaction that repels other sperm and keeps them from penetrating.
3 steps of prenatal development:
Germinal Period: 8-14 days
Embryonic Period: 2-8 weeks
Fetal Period: 9-38 weeks
Heart begins to beat at week..
Week 4
How many blastula fail to implant?
50% (don’t implant where uterus can sustain them or are abnormal and incapable of progressing).
Of percentage successful what is the blastula survival rate?
25%
4 stages of Prenatal development (from conception):
Zygote
Blastula
Embryo
Fetus
How blastulas attach to uterus:
Implants tendrils called villi into uterine wall/endometrium
Pregnant women don’t menstruate because:
The embryo secretes a hormone, biochemical reaction that prevents it
Important because:
If they did menstruate, they would shed the uterine lining and the embryo would likely exit with it in spontaneous abortion
During second month of pregnancy, weeks 5-8 important developments:
Eyes, ears, mouth, and nose take shape and buds appear for arms and legs
Sexual differentiation occurs in what 2 weeks?
Week 7 and 8
Third month pregnancy/weeks 12-16 what two important things happen?
External sex organs appear, and bones and muscles develop.
At 16 weeks or 4 months a fetus can:
Summersault, move arms, kick legs, make fists, swallow, digest, and urinate
What is the age of viability? And what does it mean?
Baby born when 6 months pregnant, it’s possible to survive outside of the womb.
Safest times to have babies between ages?
16-35 years old
After age 40 what complications could arise ?
- Birth complications
- prematurity
- low birth weight
- chromosome abnormalities
- spontaneous aborting
Why doctors worry about low birth weight?
- The respiratory system (lungs)
- The nervous system (brain)
- less able to survive as their breathing systems (not enough surfactant) and brain functioning may not yet be sufficient
- immune system not developed
- more likely to develop infection
Normal length labor for first pregnancy:
8-14 hours
Post Partum Depression (5 Possible Reasons):
- Family history of Depression
- Steep drops in hormone after delivery
- Stresses associated with child birth and delivery
- Overwhelmed by responsibilities of parenthood
- Stressors such as relationship conflict
3 major goals in order parents have for children:
- Survival: Breast feeding, sleeping with parents, keeping baby close with up right sling all day, having many kids in hopes one day will survive and have children of their own continuing species.
- To provide physical survival and health of the children ensuring child’s life is long enough to have own kids. - Economic Self-sufficiency: Can they provide for themselves? Concerned about kids fostering skills and traits each child will need for economic self maintenance as an adult. How the kids will live on their own especially when parents are no longer there/around to fall back on. Will the kids be able to look after aging parents?
- Self Actualization: to foster capacities for maximizing the cultural values, religion, achievement, wealth, and prestige, and a sense of personal satisfaction.
A list of positive lifestyles before/during pregnancy:
- Quiting/giving up smoking
- seek good prenatal care
- eat an adequate diet
- protect against disease
- avoid drugs
- enroll in classes (prenatal classes, lamaze, etc).
