Test #1 Flashcards
Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice
He was famous for stimulus response studies, looking for the connection between behaviour and an independent variable, he thought the rewarded behaviours would persist and punished behaviours would desist, he did lots of experiments with salivating dogs.
Ivan Pavlov
Famous for ethological theory in which he believed that behaviour is linked to biological processes, and therefor is linked to heredity. Most famous for 1987 research study, of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart
Thomas Bouchard
(Uncle Creepy) the Swiss psychologist known for his research on the mental processes utilized during the 4 developmental stages of intelligence of children and therefor cognitive theory.
Jean Piaget
The founder of psychoanalysis, his theory focuses on intrinsic drives and motives, he explored dream analysis and hypnotism. He’s famous for his theories on gender issues hidden in the subconscious rooted in traumatic childhood experiences.
Sigmund Freud
Established the first psychology lab in Canada in 1879
Wilhelm Wundt
Really into social learning theory, and believed our behaviour is controlled by environmental influences, what is modelled for children is often the behaviour they will acquire, “Monkey see monkey do”.
Albert Bandura
Focused his attention on sociocultural factors, such as: family, culture, and society, he thought our behaviours are influenced by over lapping systems of concentric circles of support from our inner-circle of intimate relationships to less immediate factors in our world.
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Matching Part 2
Matching Part 2
This research begins with a question that is translated into a hypothesis or prediction. It relies on the scientific method and experimental conditions to provide data.
Quantitative
Refers to the time that an organism, material, or object can survive or last.
Lifespan
The civilization of given people or a nation at a given time.
Culture
A specialized approach to acquiring knowledge
Science
The extent to which a test actually measures what it claims to measure
Validity
A personal opinion favouring a particular leaning
Bias
A statement or prediction that is assumed to be true, used as a basis for gathering research data.
Hypothesis
Research findings to test questions must be credible, unbias, reliable, verifiable, and observable. This research style adheres to the process or concept (whole umbrella of that).
Scientific Method
How you view your relationship to your environment, both natural and human is based on your belief overtime. This is your overriding outlook on life, that determines life choices.
Worldview
This research method begins with an inquiry rather than a hypothesis, seeking information, investigating a topic.
Qualitative
The degree to which studies yield the same results when used to measure the same object, trait, or behaviour.
Reliability
A society in which people from different ethnic backgrounds with different beliefs and practices live together in an atmosphere of mutual respect
Multicultural
Refers to the concept that depending on the individuals life conditions, development may take many paths.
Plastic
Tested and confirmed to be true and correct.
Verified
Development consists of physical, cognitive, socioeconomical, and spiritual dimensions
Multidimensional
Refers to the concept of several different types of research, in various fields of study, all studying human development.
Multidisciplinary
Matching Part 3
Matching Part 3
These psychologists focus on behaviour within sports environment
Sports Psychologist
These psychologists study the biological basis of behaviour
Psychobiologist
Focus on an individuals personal problems that do not involve psychological disorders.
Counselling psychologists
These people have a masters or doctor in psychology.
Psychologists
Physicians who after receiving their medical degree specialize in the treatment of mental disorders, they can prescribe medications.
Psychiatrists
How people change physically, cognitively, and socially over the entire life span.
Developmental
The ones who focus on behaviour within a workplace or employment setting.
Industrial/Organizational psychologist
Specialize in abnormal child development including disorders such as autism, hyperactivity, etc.
Psychopathology
Focus on all aspects of the learning process
Educational psychologist
Specialize in the study, diagnosis, causes, and treatments of mental disorders.
Clinical Psychologists
Focus on all aspects of cognition-memory, thinking, reasoning, language, etc.
Cognitive Psychologist
Focus on all basic psychological processes including perception, learning, and motivation.
Experimental
These psychologists focus on all aspects of social behaviour and social thought, they study how people think about and act with others.
Social Psychologists
Matching Part 4
Matching Part 4
This study involves finding information on a specific topic or issue
Topical Research
Research often involves observations of naturally occurring events, but never involves manipulation of different variables. How one variable effects another.
Correlation Studies
Researcher does not intervene at all, if possible, they are invisible and work hard not to interrupt the natural dynamics of the situation.
Naturalist observation
Researches set up all aspects of a particular event and have almost complete control over a social context, participants are unaware they are being involved in a controlled and often fake situation.
Field Experiments
Going out and asking or sending questionnaires about a subject of interest, especially useful for collecting a lot of data from lots of people.
Survey or Questionnaire
A face-to-face meeting in which the researcher asks a series of questions and the answers are recorded.
Interview
Researchers do this to find valuable way to contribute to human welfare and save lives, it would not be ethical to attempt this research on a person.
Research with Animals
Researchers attempt to identify casual relations, they take care to create an environment in which they can make casual statements. They manipulate variables randomly assign participants…
Experiments
The researchers attempt to become accepted as one of the group they are researching to acquire information on how things are done from an insiders perspective.
Participant Observation
Researchers control some of the aspects of the environment they are studying and watch to see how the subjects behave in a situation.
Structured Observation
Short Answer
Short Answer
Bronfenbrenner’s circle-
(Inner) Microsystems:
- Family
- Peers
- Friends
- Teachers, classmates, and coaches
- Religious community
- Neighbours (if close)
(2nd, middle) Exosystems:
- School
- Media
- Community groups
- Health Agencies
(Outer) Macrosystem:
- Culture
- Society
- Economic conditions
- Political
- Time Periods
Focused Imaging
When sports psychologists may work with someone to imagine their mind, what t feels like to do the perfect dive, or for golfers a perfect golf swing. Going through the feeling in their mind.
Basic Research
Would be like going out and getting some data.
Applied Research
Using the basic data received and using it to find answers to solve problems
Nature
Heredity, DNA makeup (hair colour, eye colour, etc).
Nurture
Environment (KCS shaping us, etc).
Roots of Psychology
Science and Philosophy.
