Test 2

Question 1

In comparison to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, Maslow’s theories offer

Answer 1

a more positive perspective on human nature

Question 2

In Maslow’s hieracrchy, which needs are tended to immediatey after physiological needs have been met?

Answer 2

safetly needs

Question 3

the dimension of trust is reflected in which of the following characteristics of self-actualizers

Answer 3

resistance to conformity

Question 4

in addition to his original hierarchy, Maslow proposed a smaller, independent hierarchy consisting of needs related to

Answer 4

knowing and understanding

Question 5

Maslow defined a self-actualized person as an individual who

Answer 5

is self-fulfilled and doing the best that he or she is capable of doing

Question 6

Roger suggested that an organism is involved in a process of moving forward, known as

Answer 6

actualization

Question 7

according to rogers,___ subconsciously guides an individual toward productive growth experiences in the absence of conflicting external rules and societal values

Answer 7

the organismic valuing process

Question 8

Roger contended that people use the defenses of ___ and ___ when thier experiences appear to be inconsistent with their self-strucutre

Answer 8

denail; perceptual distortion

Question 9

a state of congruence exists when

Answer 9

the self-concept and the organism largely coincide

Question 10

according to rogers, the three attitudes that are neccessary and sufficent to produce therapeutic change are empathy,acceptance, and

Answer 10

genuiness

Question 11

anna Freud enlarged the application of psychoanalysis to new areas, including exploration of the ego and the study of

Answer 11

children

Question 12

Anna Frued’s develpmental line elaborated on her father’s depiction of the psychosexual stages by describing

Answer 12

the growth in the ego mastery as it coincide with psychosexual development

Question 13

what id Anna Frued mean when she said that adolescence was the “stepchild in psychoanalytic theory’

Answer 13

the adolescent stage had not previously been emphasized as an important developmental period

Question 14

unlike sigmund freud, erikson therized that he ego was

Answer 14

mostly adaptive

Question 15

iin discussing the psychosexual stages, frued emphasized their___ character, wehras erikson emphasixed their ___ dimension

Answer 15

biological; social

Question 16

each of erikson psychosocial stages is organized around a(n) ___ that children encounter at certain critical periods

Answer 16

emotional polarity

Question 17

an individual who emerges successfully from one of Erikson’s psychosocial stages develps a(n) has a result

Answer 17

virtue

Question 18

according to Erikson, the primary dilemma of infancy is

Answer 18

trust versus mistrust

Question 19

an individual who emerges successfully from one of Erikson’s psychosocial stages develops an ___ as a result

Answer 19

virtue

Question 20

according to McAdams, in the elementary school years, our life stories revolve around two themes ___ and _____

Answer 20

agency and communication

Question 21

Object relations theorist emphasize the ___ experience of relationships with others, wheras the relational-cultural theorist empahzie the ____ experience of relationships

Answer 21

intrapsychic; interpsychic

Question 22

Melanie klien was among the first psychoanalysts to shift the emphasis from innate biological instincts to

Answer 22

interpersonal relationships

Question 23

according to Melanie klein, children engage in splitting which essentially means

Answer 23

separating objects and feelings into good and bad aspects

Question 24

the object in object relations theory refers to

Answer 24

anything or anyone with whom a person forms a relationship

Question 25

the theorist most closely identified with the separation-individuation process is

Answer 25

MAHLER

Question 26

according to mahler, the process of separation-individualtion optimally begins at

Answer 26

four months

Question 27

according to Kohut, which pathological characteristic is most likely to develop when an individual fail to achieve an independent sense of self

Answer 27

narcissism

Question 28

according to Kohut, narcisstic individuals are lloking for a(n)

Answer 28

idealized, empathic parent or substitue

Question 29

according to kernberg, the intense changes in interpersonal relationships that are apparent in someone with borderline personality disorder can best be explained by the notion of

Answer 29

splitting

Question 30

unlike classical psychoanalysis, kernber’s expressive, psychoanalytically-orientated psychotherapy does not

Answer 30

allow for the complete tranference to devlop