Test 2 Flashcards
In comparison to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, Maslow’s theories offer
a more positive perspective on human nature
In Maslow’s hieracrchy, which needs are tended to immediatey after physiological needs have been met?
safetly needs
the dimension of trust is reflected in which of the following characteristics of self-actualizers
resistance to conformity
in addition to his original hierarchy, Maslow proposed a smaller, independent hierarchy consisting of needs related to
knowing and understanding
Maslow defined a self-actualized person as an individual who
is self-fulfilled and doing the best that he or she is capable of doing
Roger suggested that an organism is involved in a process of moving forward, known as
actualization
according to rogers,___ subconsciously guides an individual toward productive growth experiences in the absence of conflicting external rules and societal values
the organismic valuing process
Roger contended that people use the defenses of ___ and ___ when thier experiences appear to be inconsistent with their self-strucutre
denail; perceptual distortion
a state of congruence exists when
the self-concept and the organism largely coincide
according to rogers, the three attitudes that are neccessary and sufficent to produce therapeutic change are empathy,acceptance, and
genuiness
anna Freud enlarged the application of psychoanalysis to new areas, including exploration of the ego and the study of
children
Anna Frued’s develpmental line elaborated on her father’s depiction of the psychosexual stages by describing
the growth in the ego mastery as it coincide with psychosexual development
what id Anna Frued mean when she said that adolescence was the “stepchild in psychoanalytic theory’
the adolescent stage had not previously been emphasized as an important developmental period
unlike sigmund freud, erikson therized that he ego was
mostly adaptive
iin discussing the psychosexual stages, frued emphasized their___ character, wehras erikson emphasixed their ___ dimension
biological; social
each of erikson psychosocial stages is organized around a(n) ___ that children encounter at certain critical periods
emotional polarity
an individual who emerges successfully from one of Erikson’s psychosocial stages develps a(n) has a result
virtue
according to Erikson, the primary dilemma of infancy is
trust versus mistrust
an individual who emerges successfully from one of Erikson’s psychosocial stages develops an ___ as a result
virtue
according to McAdams, in the elementary school years, our life stories revolve around two themes ___ and _____
agency and communication
Object relations theorist emphasize the ___ experience of relationships with others, wheras the relational-cultural theorist empahzie the ____ experience of relationships
intrapsychic; interpsychic
Melanie klien was among the first psychoanalysts to shift the emphasis from innate biological instincts to
interpersonal relationships
according to Melanie klein, children engage in splitting which essentially means
separating objects and feelings into good and bad aspects
the object in object relations theory refers to
anything or anyone with whom a person forms a relationship
the theorist most closely identified with the separation-individuation process is
MAHLER
according to mahler, the process of separation-individualtion optimally begins at
four months
according to Kohut, which pathological characteristic is most likely to develop when an individual fail to achieve an independent sense of self
narcissism
according to Kohut, narcisstic individuals are lloking for a(n)
idealized, empathic parent or substitue
according to kernberg, the intense changes in interpersonal relationships that are apparent in someone with borderline personality disorder can best be explained by the notion of
splitting
unlike classical psychoanalysis, kernber’s expressive, psychoanalytically-orientated psychotherapy does not
allow for the complete tranference to devlop
