Quiz 5

Question 1

Karen Horney and Erich Fromm departed from Freudian theory in that they both

Answer 1

a) emphasized the importance of social factors on personality development.

Question 2

In Horney’s concept of basic anxiety, the threat to the individual comes from

Answer 2

b) a perception of the environment as dangerous and unfair.

Question 3

Rafael is a perfectionist who goes to extremes to prove that he needs no one’s help in any way. His quest for total self-sufficiency has resulted in social isolation. According to Horney, what is his primary mode of relating to others?

Answer 3

a) Moving away

Question 4

Janice has a very strong need for the affection and approval of others, and she tends to choose dominant partners. What is her primary mode of relating to others?

Answer 4

c) Moving toward

Question 5

Shaniqua has a very strong need for the affection and approval of others, and she tends to choose dominant partners. What is her basic orientation toward life?

Answer 5

a) Self-effacing solution

Question 6

An exaggerated need for approval and affection represents which of the primary modes of relating to others?

Answer 6

c) Moving toward

Question 7

The idealized self represents

Answer 7

b) what a person thinks he or she should be.

Question 8

Two-year-old Ashley was brought to a neighborhood playgroup for the first time. As soon as Ashley was engrossed in play, her mother stepped out of the room to get a cup of coffee. On realizing that her mother was gone, Ashley stopped playing and started to cry. When her mother came back, Ashley clung to her mother tenaciously and refused to play anymore. Ashley’s behavior reflects which of Horney’s modes of relating to others?

Answer 8

d) Moving toward

Question 9

A neurotic need to be admired and to exploit that admiration represents, according to Horney, which of the following solutions to anxiety?

Answer 9

b) Self-expansion

Question 10

Michelle has exaggerated needs for power, prestige, and admiration. She is most likely to utilize the ___________ mode of relating to others.

Answer 10

b) moving against

Question 11

A person whose basic orientation toward life is self-effacing is most likely to

Answer 11

b) have an exaggerated need for affection and approval.

Question 12

Which of the following neurotic trends would most likely lead a person to use a self-effacing solution when it comes to dealing with life’s problems?

Answer 12

a) A need for a dominant partner

Question 13

According to Horney, “__________” represent(s) identification with the ideal self instead of the real or actual self.

Answer 13

c) alienation

Question 14

In the neurotic individual, the idealized self and the real self

Answer 14

c) become separated.

Question 15

“The devil’s pact” is synonymous with which of Horney’s terms?

Answer 15

a) Alienation

Question 16

What is the difference between Horney’s concept of the idealized self and Freud’s concept of the ego-ideal?

Answer 16

d) Only the idealized self represses both good and bad feelings.

Question 17

Freud is to the concept of penis envy as Horney is to the concept of

Answer 17

a) womb envy

Question 18

Horney felt that a woman’s concept of inferiority results from

Answer 18

b) living in a patriarchal society.

Question 19

According to Horney, men’s superiority to women in creative endeavors can be attributed to their

Answer 19

b) inability to create biologically.

Question 20

David, a 40-year-old male, has always been driven to achieve a great deal at work and also to create art through painting and sculpting. According to Horney, David is driven to perform these behaviors as

Answer 20

b) compensation for his inability to bear children.

Question 21

In comparison to Freud’s theories, Horney’s theories more strongly endorse feminist viewpoints and ________ as explanations of human behavior.

Answer 21

b) social forces

Question 22

Horney believed that the “flight from womanhood” was

Answer 22

c) due to experiences of social and cultural disadvantages.

Question 23

A key method of the systematic self-analysis suggested by Horney is

Answer 23

c) free association followed by reflection.

Question 24

According to Horney, which of the following best exemplifies self-analysis?

Answer 24

a) A student who fails a test and then asks himself whether he had prepared sufficiently for it.

Question 25

Early in the twentieth century, Horney called attention to a growing trend in the United States in which individuals would do anything necessary to place themselves in a position of advantage compared to others. She named the trend

Answer 25

b) hypercompetitiveness.

Question 26

The attachment patterns we develop change the brain by altering

Answer 26

c) its synaptic connections and circuits.

Question 27

Maria is a mother who is high in demands and psychological control, but low in warmth. Which parenting style does Maria exemplify?

Answer 27

a) Authoritarian

Question 28

What type of parenting predicts the highest levels of competence and lowest levels of problem behavior in Caucasian children?

Answer 28

b) Authoritative

Question 29

Which of the following is one of the styles of infant attachment identified by Ainsworth?

Answer 29

a) Avoidant

Question 30

Erich Fromm’s approach is best described as humanistic social analysis because it attempts a synthesis of the thoughts of

Answer 30

d) Freud and Marx.

Question 31

Fromm believed that, as humans have gained more freedom by transcending nature and other animals, they have

Answer 31

c) felt increasingly separate and isolated.

Question 32

According to Fromm, what separates human nature from animal nature?

Answer 32

b) Loneliness

Question 33

Andrea has formed a relationship with her husband in which she allows him to dominate her so completely that they have become symbiotic. According to Fromm, Andrea exemplifies the mechanism of escape known as

Answer 33

a) automaton conformity.

Question 34

In which of the following relationships are two persons related so that one of the parties loses or never attains independence?

Answer 34

d) Symbiotic

Question 35

As a young child, Roger had a unique personality. However, as a teenager, he appears to have little personality at all. Instead, he seems to have adopted the characteristics common to most of the other teens he knows. According to Fromm, Roger’s mechanism of escape from freedom is

Answer 35

b) automaton conformity.

Question 36

According to Fromm, the need to become active creators rather than passive creatures is called the need for

Answer 36

c) transcendence.

Question 37

According to Fromm, the need to strive actively for a goal rather than simply to respond to whatever life brings on describes the need for

Answer 37

a) excitation and stimulation.

Question 38

Julie is a very dependent young woman who believes that she can look to other people to fulfill herself. These behavior and thought modes typify which orientation?

Answer 38

d) Receptive

Question 39

The character type in Fromm’s theory that is most similar to Freud’s anal-retentive personality type is the ________ orientation.

Answer 39

b) hoarding

Question 40

Certain celebrities become what their public expects them to be instead of expressing their true selves. This describes which of the following character orientations?

Answer 40

c) Marketing

Question 41

The use of humanistic rather than authoritarian ethics is characteristic of which of the following orientations?

Answer 41

d) Productive

Question 42

Fromm suggested that Adolph Hitler exemplified the

Answer 42

a) necrophilous character.

Question 43

The source of the lust for power that eventually leads to isolation and fear is the

Answer 43

d) having mode.

Question 44

Michael has a bumper sticker on his expensive luxury car that reads, “The one who dies with the most toys wins.” Fromm would probably argue that Michael is dominated by the

Answer 44

d) having mode of existence.

Question 45

Maccoby’s potentially new character type, ________, is highly narcissistic and reflects social changes that have occurred in the United States since the 1960s.

Answer 45

a) self-orientation

Question 46

Terror management theory, which was developed after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, is most closely related to the personality theories of

Answer 46

b) Fromm.

Question 47

Cognitive researchers are using brain scanners to locate the neural sources of emotion, behavior, and belief. They have learned, for example, that the amygdala, which is a center of emotional learning in the limbic system, may play a role in the development of

Answer 47

c) bias.