Chpt 2

Question 1

which of the following is true with regard to Sigmund Freud’s personal background?

Answer 1

A. He was Jewish

Question 2

Dr. Joseph Breuer, a forerunner in the development of psychoanalysis, treated Ann O. by

Answer 2

c. asking her to verbilize associations under hypnosis

Question 3

Jennifer knows that she was punished as a child, but she cannot recall why she was punished no matter how much she tries or discusses the matter with other people. According to Freud, Jennifer’s inability to remember best illustrates

Answer 3

c) resistance.

Question 4

Freud suggested that destructive or socially unacceptable wishes are repressed because they

Answer 4

b) are in conflict with one’s self-image.

Question 5

Juan is a patient in psychoanalysis. During free association, Juan’s psychoanalyst encourages Juan to

Answer 5

b) verbalize whatever comes to mind.

Question 6

Freud believed that slips of the tongue

Answer 6

d) have more than one determining factor

Question 7

Ana wakes up with a vivid memory of a dream. She writes down a summary of the plot of the dream. Later, while reading this summary, she speculates about the meaning that may underlie the dream. The summary she has recorded is best described as ____________; the underlying meaning is best described as __________.

Answer 7

b) the manifest dream; the latent dream

Question 8

Dream work

Answer 8

d) refers to the process that converts the latent content of dreams into the manifest dream.

Question 9

The dream we remember in the morning is known as the ________ dream, whereas its underlying meaning is referred to as the ________ dream.

Answer 9

a) manifest; latent

Question 10

Sophisticated neuroscientific tools such as the electroencephalogram, which measures electrical activity of the brain, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, which provides pictures of brain activity, have shown us that dreams

Answer 10

c) help us understand our experiences and control our emotions.

Question 11

According to Freud, the nature of our repressed wishes is best described as

Answer 11

b) erotic.

Question 12

What does the term libido refer to?

Answer 12

b) The energy derived from the sex drive

Question 13

Which of the following would appropriately fit the definition of drive in Freud’s theory?

Answer 13

a) The envy Lena feels when she looks at Sally’s car

Question 14

Freud believed that the primary purpose of sexuality is

Answer 14

to seek pleasure and reduce tension

Question 15

What did Freud mean when he said that children are polymorphous perverse?

Answer 15

That they find bodily or physical pleasure in many activities that have nothing to do with reproduction

Question 16

What was the seduction theory that Freud eventually abandoned?

Answer 16

a) The belief that adult neurosis is caused by childhood sexual abuse

Question 17

Antonio is a boy who, according to Freudian theory, is experiencing the Oedipus complex. Which of the following is most likely to be true about Antonio?

Answer 17

b) He has a strong desire to have a special relationship with his mother.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes false memories, as discussed by researchers such as Loftus (1993)?

Answer 18

False memories recalled during psychotherapy can lead to lawsuits against the alleged perpetrators of abuse or incest.

Question 19

What is the correct ordering of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 19

c) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 20

The Oedipus complex is to the Electra complex as ________ is to ________.

Answer 20

a) castration anxiety; penis envy

Question 21

Scott is a boy who is experiencing the oral stage of psychosexual development. What age is Scott most likely to be?

Answer 21

b) Two years

Question 22

22. Martina is a girl who is experiencing the Electra complex. Martina is most likely

Answer 22

a) in preschool.

Question 23

Psychic forces develop that inhibit the sexual drive and narrow its direction during which period of development?

Answer 23

a) Latency

Question 24

Which of the following occurs during the genital stage?

Answer 24

a) Sexual energies are focused on reproduction.

Question 25

Samantha is very optimistic and trusting. These characteristics are most likely to result from issues at which stage of Samantha’s development?

Answer 25

a) Oral

Question 26

Steven is a “neat freak.” He maintains very tight control over all aspects of his life. Steven is most likely to be fixated at the _______ stage

Answer 26

b) anal

Question 27

Prototypes of sadistic and masochistic forms of behavior are present during which stage of psychosexual development?

Answer 27

a) Anal

Question 28

The structure of personality that represents our basic drives, needs, and wishes is called the

Answer 28

b) id.

Question 29

Ego is to id as the ________ is to the _________.

Answer 29

c) reality principle; pleasure principle

Question 30

Inez is extremely self-critical and evaluates herself very harshly. According to Freudian theory, it is most likely that her ___________ is overdeveloped.

Answer 30

a) superego

Question 31

When Lisa was a child, her parents were negligent when it came to rewarding appropriate behavior and punishing inappropriate behavior. As a result, it is most likely that, as an adult, Lisa would display an

Answer 31

b) underdeveloped superego.

Question 32

Which part of the personality is in charge in the well-adjusted adult personality?

Answer 32

a) Ego

Question 33

In Freud’s theory, the ego may be described as

Answer 33

c) “a rider trying to control a wild horse.”

Question 34

Which of the following is true with regard to defense mechanisms?

Answer 34

Defense mechanisms help the individual cope with anxiety.

Question 35

What is one characteristic that all defense mechanisms have in common?

Answer 35

d) They keep threatening impulses from becoming conscious.

Question 36

Mark is a twelve-year-old boy who has not experienced bed-wetting problems since he was a preschooler. However, he recently began wetting the bed after he learned that one of his parents had suddenly become seriously ill. Mark’s recent bed-wetting is best labeled as which of the following defense mechanisms?

Answer 36

c) Regression

Question 37

Brian, who feels sexual stirrings whenever he looks at his next-door neighbor, has convinced himself that she is actually aroused by him. Brian’s belief reflects which of the following defense mechanisms?

Answer 37

c) Projection

Question 38

Cahlil is angry at his mother but, rather than taking his anger out directly on her, he takes it out on his younger sister. Cahlil’s behavior exemplifies

Answer 38

a) displacement.

Question 39

Which defense mechanism did Freud believe was crucial to the development of culture and civilization?

Answer 39

d) Sublimation

Question 40

When a patient in psychoanalysis reexperiences emotions and conflicts from his or her past but focuses these feelings on the therapist, he or she is said to be experiencing

Answer 40

a) transference.

Question 41

Michelle is a psychotherapy client who has strong hostility toward her therapist, even though the therapist has done nothing to warrant such feelings. Michelle’s reaction exemplifies

Answer 41

d) negative transference.

Question 42

Which of the following Freudian ideas has been most consistent with research findings?

Answer 42

a) The oral and anal personality types

Question 43

Which of the following Freudian ideas has been found by research to have little basis in fact?

Answer 43

d) Women have a negative self-image because they lack a penis.

Question 44

What is the status of the efforts undertaken to define Freud’s concepts operationally?

Answer 44

d) Researchers have oversimplified or distorted many of the concepts.

Question 45

45. Which of the following is true with regard to the use of technology (for example, brain scanners and monitors of brain electrical activity) in the recent study of Freud’s theories?

Answer 45

d) Activity in brain regions such as the amygdala and the hippocampus supports the existence of unconscious activity, as suggested by Freud.

Question 46

The primary purpose of identifying neurological structures associated with Freud’s psychoanalytic concepts is to

Answer 46

c) increase the knowledge base of clinicians and enrich clinical applications.