Chpt 2 Flashcards
which of the following is true with regard to Sigmund Freud’s personal background?
A. He was Jewish
Dr. Joseph Breuer, a forerunner in the development of psychoanalysis, treated Ann O. by
c. asking her to verbilize associations under hypnosis
Jennifer knows that she was punished as a child, but she cannot recall why she was punished no matter how much she tries or discusses the matter with other people. According to Freud, Jennifer’s inability to remember best illustrates
c) resistance.
Freud suggested that destructive or socially unacceptable wishes are repressed because they
b) are in conflict with one’s self-image.
Juan is a patient in psychoanalysis. During free association, Juan’s psychoanalyst encourages Juan to
b) verbalize whatever comes to mind.
Freud believed that slips of the tongue
d) have more than one determining factor
Ana wakes up with a vivid memory of a dream. She writes down a summary of the plot of the dream. Later, while reading this summary, she speculates about the meaning that may underlie the dream. The summary she has recorded is best described as ____________; the underlying meaning is best described as __________.
b) the manifest dream; the latent dream
Dream work
d) refers to the process that converts the latent content of dreams into the manifest dream.
The dream we remember in the morning is known as the ________ dream, whereas its underlying meaning is referred to as the ________ dream.
a) manifest; latent
Sophisticated neuroscientific tools such as the electroencephalogram, which measures electrical activity of the brain, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, which provides pictures of brain activity, have shown us that dreams
c) help us understand our experiences and control our emotions.
According to Freud, the nature of our repressed wishes is best described as
b) erotic.
What does the term libido refer to?
b) The energy derived from the sex drive
Which of the following would appropriately fit the definition of drive in Freud’s theory?
a) The envy Lena feels when she looks at Sally’s car
Freud believed that the primary purpose of sexuality is
to seek pleasure and reduce tension
What did Freud mean when he said that children are polymorphous perverse?
That they find bodily or physical pleasure in many activities that have nothing to do with reproduction
What was the seduction theory that Freud eventually abandoned?
a) The belief that adult neurosis is caused by childhood sexual abuse
Antonio is a boy who, according to Freudian theory, is experiencing the Oedipus complex. Which of the following is most likely to be true about Antonio?
b) He has a strong desire to have a special relationship with his mother.
Which of the following best describes false memories, as discussed by researchers such as Loftus (1993)?
False memories recalled during psychotherapy can lead to lawsuits against the alleged perpetrators of abuse or incest.
What is the correct ordering of Freud’s psychosexual stages?
c) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
The Oedipus complex is to the Electra complex as ________ is to ________.
a) castration anxiety; penis envy
Scott is a boy who is experiencing the oral stage of psychosexual development. What age is Scott most likely to be?
b) Two years
- Martina is a girl who is experiencing the Electra complex. Martina is most likely
a) in preschool.
Psychic forces develop that inhibit the sexual drive and narrow its direction during which period of development?
a) Latency
Which of the following occurs during the genital stage?
a) Sexual energies are focused on reproduction.
Samantha is very optimistic and trusting. These characteristics are most likely to result from issues at which stage of Samantha’s development?
a) Oral
Steven is a “neat freak.” He maintains very tight control over all aspects of his life. Steven is most likely to be fixated at the _______ stage
b) anal
Prototypes of sadistic and masochistic forms of behavior are present during which stage of psychosexual development?
a) Anal
The structure of personality that represents our basic drives, needs, and wishes is called the
b) id.
Ego is to id as the ________ is to the _________.
c) reality principle; pleasure principle
Inez is extremely self-critical and evaluates herself very harshly. According to Freudian theory, it is most likely that her ___________ is overdeveloped.
a) superego
When Lisa was a child, her parents were negligent when it came to rewarding appropriate behavior and punishing inappropriate behavior. As a result, it is most likely that, as an adult, Lisa would display an
b) underdeveloped superego.
Which part of the personality is in charge in the well-adjusted adult personality?
a) Ego
In Freud’s theory, the ego may be described as
c) “a rider trying to control a wild horse.”
Which of the following is true with regard to defense mechanisms?
Defense mechanisms help the individual cope with anxiety.
What is one characteristic that all defense mechanisms have in common?
d) They keep threatening impulses from becoming conscious.
Mark is a twelve-year-old boy who has not experienced bed-wetting problems since he was a preschooler. However, he recently began wetting the bed after he learned that one of his parents had suddenly become seriously ill. Mark’s recent bed-wetting is best labeled as which of the following defense mechanisms?
c) Regression
Brian, who feels sexual stirrings whenever he looks at his next-door neighbor, has convinced himself that she is actually aroused by him. Brian’s belief reflects which of the following defense mechanisms?
c) Projection
Cahlil is angry at his mother but, rather than taking his anger out directly on her, he takes it out on his younger sister. Cahlil’s behavior exemplifies
a) displacement.
Which defense mechanism did Freud believe was crucial to the development of culture and civilization?
d) Sublimation
When a patient in psychoanalysis reexperiences emotions and conflicts from his or her past but focuses these feelings on the therapist, he or she is said to be experiencing
a) transference.
Michelle is a psychotherapy client who has strong hostility toward her therapist, even though the therapist has done nothing to warrant such feelings. Michelle’s reaction exemplifies
d) negative transference.
Which of the following Freudian ideas has been most consistent with research findings?
a) The oral and anal personality types
Which of the following Freudian ideas has been found by research to have little basis in fact?
d) Women have a negative self-image because they lack a penis.
What is the status of the efforts undertaken to define Freud’s concepts operationally?
d) Researchers have oversimplified or distorted many of the concepts.
- Which of the following is true with regard to the use of technology (for example, brain scanners and monitors of brain electrical activity) in the recent study of Freud’s theories?
d) Activity in brain regions such as the amygdala and the hippocampus supports the existence of unconscious activity, as suggested by Freud.
The primary purpose of identifying neurological structures associated with Freud’s psychoanalytic concepts is to
c) increase the knowledge base of clinicians and enrich clinical applications.
