Chpt 1

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

refers to someone’s public image

Question 2

theory

Answer 2

is a set of abstract concepts that we make u[ a out a group of facts or events in order to explain them

Question 3

what are the two traditional forms of personality.

Answer 3

1. academic research/ psychological laboratories

2. psychoanalysis and clinical psychology

Question 4

Basic philosphical assumptions ( list out)

Answer 4

1. freedom vs determination-individuals have freedom of behavior. vs they dont its internal/external factors that determine them.
2. heredity versus environment- does inborn characteristic or the environment play more of a factor
3. uniqueness vs. universality- people are each unique individuals vs peoples are all the same
4. proactivity versus reactivy- acting on initiative rather than simply reacting
5. optimisum versus pessimism

Question 5

philosophical assumptions (general)

Answer 5

things arent what they necessarily appear to be

Question 6

epiphanic vision

Answer 6

goes beyond the ordinary perception of our sense organs

Question 7

Philosophical assumptions evaluation criteria

Answer 7

1. coherence
   2 relevance
2. comprehensiveness
   compellingness

Question 8

Does science have a basis in philosophy?

Answer 8

yes. because ordinary observation on which science relies depons on a prior paradigm

Question 9

Define paradigm

Answer 9

is a model or concept of the world that is shared by members of a community and that governs their activities

Question 10

scientific statements are empirical becuase they are based directly on observation. what categories are the seperated into?

Answer 10

1. objective- object of experience

2. subjective- experience of seeing /// or senses. subjective to the person. You may see a person but i see a potato

Question 11

operational definitions

Answer 11

specifies which behaviors are included inthe concept…… “ stress, in this term, may be defined by someones heart rate.

Question 12

scientific constructs

Answer 12

imaginary or hypothetical and cannot be seen with the naked eye or even with sophisticated optical equpment.—- proton/neutrons/electrons

Question 13

scientific statements must be…….. and what is the judging criteria?

Answer 13

verifiable

1. usefullness
2. compatibility
3. perdictive power
4. simplicity

Question 14

approaches in assessing personality?

Answer 14

PSYCHOMETRIC- questionaires MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic personality inventory)

PROJECTIVE- stimuli is ambiguous. Rorschach inkblot test and thematic apperception test (TAT)— disguised purpose of test but it is harder to evaluate

Question 15

Primary research approaches in personality

Answer 15

1. clinical- interviews, observations, analyze dreams
2. psychometric- using math and statistical tools
3. experimental- perform experiments. rats

Question 16

define psychotherapy and the 3 major goals

Answer 16

• it is the effort to apply the findings of personality theory in ways that will assists individuals and meet human goals

1. scholarly
2. ethical
3. curative