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test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is stress

A

a psychological response to demands that possess certain stakes for the person and that tax or exceed the person’s capacity or resources

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2
Q

What are demands that cause stress?

A

stressors

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3
Q

What are the negative consequences of stress called?

A

strains

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4
Q

Transactional theory shoes

A

how stressors are perceived and appraised as well as how people respond to those perceptions and appraisals

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5
Q

What happens when people first encounter stressors, according to the transactional theory of stress?

A

They begin a primary appraisal

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6
Q

What is primary appraisal?

A

considering whether a demand causes them to feel stress, and how they feel about it

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7
Q

What are job demands that are not stressful?

A

bening job demands

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8
Q

What are the two types of stressors?

A

hindrance and challenge

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9
Q

Hindrance stressors

A

stressful demands perceived as hindering progress toward person al accomplishments or goal attainment (Negative emotions)

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10
Q

Challenge stressors

A

stressful demands perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievment

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11
Q

What are the work hindrance stressors

A

role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, daily hassles

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12
Q

Work challenge stressors

A

time pressure, work complexity, work responsibility

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13
Q

Nonwork hindrance stressors

A

work-family conflict, negative life events, financial uncertainty

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14
Q

Nonwork challenge stressor

A

Family time demands, personal development, positive life events

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15
Q

What happens after the primary appraisal?

A

Secondary appraisal

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16
Q

What is the secondary appraisal

A

ifguring out how to deal with the stressor

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17
Q

Coping

A

behaviors and thoughts peope use to manage stressful demands and emotions related to those demands

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18
Q

What are two metrics for coping

A

Behavior vs Cognitive

Problem Focused vs Emotion Focused

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19
Q

What are the three types of strains

A

Physiological, Pyschological, Behavioral

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20
Q

What are the two individual differences that influence stress?

A

Type a Behavior Pattern

Social support

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21
Q

What is social spport

A

help that people receive when their stressed

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22
Q

2 Types of social support?

A

Instrumental (fix problem)

Emotional (Show support)

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23
Q

How do hindrance stressors effect job performance and Org Commitment

A
  1. weak neg w/Job perf

2. strong neg w/ OC

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24
Q

What effect do challenge stressors have on job perf and OC

A
  1. Weak pos w/job perf

2. Mod pos w/ OC

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25
What are the three components of performance?
Ability, Opportunity, Motivation
26
What are the three components of Motivation?
Direction, Intensity, Persistence
27
What is engagement
high levels of intensity and persistence in work effort
28
What is expectancy?
The belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in the succesful perforamcen of some task.
29
What things effect self-efficacy?
Past accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, emotional cues
30
What is instrumentality?
The belief that sucesful performance will result in some outcomes (P--->O)
31
What is Valence
The anticipation of positive or negative outcomes
32
What are extrinsic motivations
Pay, Bonuses, Security, Lackof disciplnary action
33
What are some intrinsic motivators?
Enjoyment, Interest, Skill development, Lack of Boredom
34
What are Maslow's hierarchy, and what is his main idea?
Preeminence (one needs need to be filled to move to next) | Psyiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization
35
Alderfer ERG--Frustration Regression
Existence, relatedness, growth
36
McClellands Acquired Needs
Power (Personal Institutional), Affliation, Achievement
37
What does goal setting theory state
goals are the primary drivers of the intensity and persistence of effort
38
What must goals be to be effective?
Specific and difficult
39
How is goal difficultly related to task performance?
Difficult goals (to a point) make people work harder
40
What is self-set goal?
The internalized goals that people use to monitor their own task progress
41
What are task strategies
Created by self-set goals, learning plans and problem-solving approaches used to achieve successful perfoamnce
42
What are the three motivators of goal setting thoery?
Feedback, Task Complexity, Goal commitment
43
How do these three moderates affect task performance?
Feedback=positive Task complexity=Negative Goal Commitment=positive
44
How can Goal commitment be increased?
Making them SMART, add rewards, publcity, support, participation, resources
45
What is the primary focus of Equity theory?
motivation doesn't just depdn on your beliefs and circumstances, but also on what happens to other people.
46
What are comparison others?
Those to whom you compare your ratio of outcomes and inputs
47
What is equity distress
when your outcomes are smaller vis-a-vis others with the same inputs (You steal or ask for a raise) Or Your Outcomes are higher than others with the same input, connitiive distortsion
48
To what and whom do people compare themselves to?
Job equity (same job), Company Equity (same company, diff job), Occupational (same job, diff comp) Educational, Age
49
What are the three types of people under equity?
Sensitives Benevolent Entitled
50
How does Motivation effect Job performance nad Organizational commitment
Strong pos | Mod Pos
51
What are the four individual vfocused compensation plan elements?
Piece-Rate Merit-Pay Lump Sum Bonuses Recognition Award
52
What are the unit-focused
Gainsharing
53
Organization Focused
Profit Sharing
54
What must compensation plans have to be effective?
Specific and general goals (Profit sharing and merit pay don't), instrumentality (Gain sharing somewhat, merit and piece definitely) Time sensitive
55
What are ways to decrease inequity?
``` Alter Outcomes Alter Inputs Change the Comparison Other Alter Comparison Other's inputs Rationalize Leave ```
56
What is trust?
The willingness to put oneself at risk with another party
57
What is reputation?
prominence of a company's brand in the minds of the public and perceived quality of its goods and services
58
What are the three types of trust?
1. Affect based 2. Cognitive Based 3. Disposition Based
59
What is trust propensity?
A general feeling that others can be trusted
60
What is trustworthiness?
characteristics of attributes of a trustee that inspire trust
61
What are the three aspects of trustworthiness?
Ability, Benevolence, Integrity
62
What are the four types of justice?
Distributive, Procedural, Interpersonal, Informational
63
How do distributeive and procedural justice relate
A high procedural justice helps employees even when they don't get the decisions they want.
64
What are the three rules of distributive justice?
need vs equality vs equity
65
What are the 6 procedural justice rules?
``` Voice Correctability Consistency Bias Suppression Representativeness Accuracy ```
66
Two interpsonal rules
Respect | Propriety
67
2 Informational justiec rules
Justificaiton | Truthfulness
68
What are ethics?
doing the right thing
69
What is merely ethical behavior?
behavior that adheres to some minimally accepted standard of morality (usually laws)
70
especially ethical behavior?
behavior that exceed some minimally accepted standard of morality (Whistleblowing)
71
According to the four-component model of ethical deciion making there are how many sequences and how many influencing factors
Moral Awareness Moral Judgment Moral Intent Ethical Behavior Individual Factors Situational Factors
72
Occurs when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exsts in a situation
moral awareness
73
What is something that effects moral awareness
moral intensity (The sense something has moral urgency)
74
What increases moral intensity?
high potential of harm | social pressure
75
the degree to which people chronically perceive and consider issues of morality during their experiences
moral attentiveness
76
The process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical or unethical
moral judgment
77
Three steps in cognitive moral development
1. preconvential 2. Convential 3. Principled
78
right vs wrong is viewed in terms of the consequences of various actions for the individual
preconvential
79
Right vs wrong is reference d to the expectations of one's family and society. Emphasizes laws, rules, and orders
Conventential
80
Right vs Wrong referenced as a set of defined, established moral principles
principled
81
Moral Principles
Teleological Utilitarians/Egoism Deontological Duties, rightsm and values
82
How does TJE effect commitment and perforamnce?
Mod pos w perforamnce | Str. Pos on OC
83
What is a distrust tax?
lack of ability to focus from "covering one's own backside"
84
What is the diff between economic and social exchange?
Economic=quid pro quo | Social-Relationship based on mutual investment
85
Four levels of CSR
Economic Legal Ethical Citizenship (improve communities)
86
Define the four types of organizational justice
Distributive--how fair is the outcome Procedural: perceived fairness of decision making process Interpersonal: Perceived fairness of treatment by superiors Information:Perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities

Organizational Behavior (7 decks)

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