Test 2 Flashcards
What is an element?
A pure substance made from one type of atom
What is the smallest unit of matter that makes up all matter?
Atom
What is an isotope?
Any element that is radioactive
What does it mean to be radioactive?
An unstable nucleus which shakes and releases radiation
What are the two types of bonding?
Covalent
Ionic
What is ionic bonding?
Atoms attracted because of opposite charges
Example of ionic bonding?
Salt
Sodium chloride
What is covalent bonding?
Electrons are shared between atoms which keeps them together
Example of covalent bonding?
Water
What are Van see Waals forces?
Some elements are stronger than others and pull shared electrons closer to itself
What do van der waal forces do?
Create a slightly positive and slightly negative side
What is hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen undergoing van der Waals forces
What are three properties of water?
Cohesion
Adhesion
Heat capacity
What is cohesion?
Two of the same thing bond together
What is surface tension?
The measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of water caused by hydrogen bonding
Part of cohesion
What is adhesion?
Different compounds bond to each other
What is capillary action?
Water crawls up an object
Example of adhesion
What is heat capacity?
Amount of heat required to change water’s temp
What is water’s heat capacity?
High
What does organic mean?
Any compound that contains carbon
What is a hydrocarbon?
A molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen
What are macromolecules?
Monomers and polymers
What is a monomer?
A single unit
What are polymers?
Many monomers bonded together
What are carbohydrates?
Made of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
Where do you find carbohydrates?
Most foods
What are the three types of carbs?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
Facts about lipids
Store energy
Hydrophobic
What is hydrophobic?
Water fearing
Doesn’t dissolve in water and forms a layer
Lipids
What is hydrophilic?
Water loving
Completely dissolves in water
Sugar