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Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance made from one type of atom

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1
Q

What is the smallest unit of matter that makes up all matter?

A

Atom

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2
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Any element that is radioactive

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3
Q

What does it mean to be radioactive?

A

An unstable nucleus which shakes and releases radiation

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4
Q

What are the two types of bonding?

A

Covalent

Ionic

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5
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Atoms attracted because of opposite charges

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6
Q

Example of ionic bonding?

A

Salt

Sodium chloride

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7
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Electrons are shared between atoms which keeps them together

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8
Q

Example of covalent bonding?

A

Water

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9
Q

What are Van see Waals forces?

A

Some elements are stronger than others and pull shared electrons closer to itself

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10
Q

What do van der waal forces do?

A

Create a slightly positive and slightly negative side

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11
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

Hydrogen undergoing van der Waals forces

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12
Q

What are three properties of water?

A

Cohesion
Adhesion
Heat capacity

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13
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Two of the same thing bond together

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14
Q

What is surface tension?

A

The measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of water caused by hydrogen bonding
Part of cohesion

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15
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Different compounds bond to each other

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16
Q

What is capillary action?

A

Water crawls up an object

Example of adhesion

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17
Q

What is heat capacity?

A

Amount of heat required to change water’s temp

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18
Q

What is water’s heat capacity?

A

High

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19
Q

What does organic mean?

A

Any compound that contains carbon

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20
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen

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21
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Monomers and polymers

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22
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A single unit

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23
Q

What are polymers?

A

Many monomers bonded together

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24
What are carbohydrates?
Made of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
25
Where do you find carbohydrates?
Most foods
26
What are the three types of carbs?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
27
Facts about lipids
Store energy | Hydrophobic
28
What is hydrophobic?
Water fearing Doesn't dissolve in water and forms a layer Lipids
29
What is hydrophilic?
Water loving Completely dissolves in water Sugar
30
What are saturated fats?
Single bonds between all carbons
31
Are saturated fats good or bad for you?
Bad
32
Saturated - animal or plant?
Animal
33
Saturated - solid or liquid at room temp
Solid
34
Unsaturated fats?
Double bonds between one or more carbons
35
Unsaturated - good or bad for you?
Good
36
Unsaturated - plant or animal?
Plant
37
Unsaturated - state at room temp?
Liquid
38
What are steroids?
Cholesterol or hormones
39
What do steroids look like?
Chain link fence
40
Examples of steroids?
Testosterone | Estrogen
41
What do nucleic acids do?
Store genetic info to make you or any part of you
42
Two types of nucleic acids?
Deoxyribonucleic acid | Ribonucleic acid
43
Monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
44
Monomer of nucleic acid?
Nucleotides
45
3 parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate Sugar Base
46
How many kinds of bases are there?
4
47
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
48
What hold amino acids together?
Peptide bonds
49
How many different kinds of amino acid monomers are there?
20
50
What determines function of protein?
Order of amino acids
51
2 properties of proteins?
Provide structure | Help chemical reactions happen
52
What does protein shape do?
Help determine function
53
How many folds are there?
4
54
How many proteins are in primary?
One
55
What is the shape of primary?
Linear
56
How many proteins are in secondary?
One
57
How many ways are secondary folded?
2
58
What are the two ways secondary is folded?
Alpha helix -squiggly Beta pleated sheet - zig zag line
59
How many proteins are in tertiary structure?
One
60
How many ways are tertiary folded?
3
61
What is the quaternary structure?
2 + protein chains folded primary or secondary
62
Which forms are globular?
Tertiary and quaternary
63
How many forms are primary?
One
64
What is denaturization?
When a protein loses shape, thus losing function
65
What causes denaturization?
Too high or too low heat | Too acidic or too basic
66
What is an enzyme?
A protein
67
What are the monosaccharides?
Glucose Fructose Galactose
68
Disaccharides?
Maltose Lactose Sucrose
69
Polysaccharides?
Starch | Cellulose
70
What makes up maltose?
Two glucose
71
What makes up lactose?
Glucose and galactose
72
What makes up sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
73
What makes up cellulose?
Beta glucose
74
What makes up starch?
Alpha glucose
75
What is beta glucose?
Can't be used for energy and is deficated out
76
What is alpha glucose
Used for energy

Biology (9 decks)

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