Test 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance made from one type of atom

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1
Q

What is the smallest unit of matter that makes up all matter?

A

Atom

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2
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Any element that is radioactive

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3
Q

What does it mean to be radioactive?

A

An unstable nucleus which shakes and releases radiation

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4
Q

What are the two types of bonding?

A

Covalent

Ionic

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5
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Atoms attracted because of opposite charges

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6
Q

Example of ionic bonding?

A

Salt

Sodium chloride

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7
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Electrons are shared between atoms which keeps them together

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8
Q

Example of covalent bonding?

A

Water

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9
Q

What are Van see Waals forces?

A

Some elements are stronger than others and pull shared electrons closer to itself

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10
Q

What do van der waal forces do?

A

Create a slightly positive and slightly negative side

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11
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

Hydrogen undergoing van der Waals forces

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12
Q

What are three properties of water?

A

Cohesion
Adhesion
Heat capacity

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13
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Two of the same thing bond together

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14
Q

What is surface tension?

A

The measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of water caused by hydrogen bonding
Part of cohesion

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15
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Different compounds bond to each other

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16
Q

What is capillary action?

A

Water crawls up an object

Example of adhesion

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17
Q

What is heat capacity?

A

Amount of heat required to change water’s temp

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18
Q

What is water’s heat capacity?

A

High

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19
Q

What does organic mean?

A

Any compound that contains carbon

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20
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen

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21
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Monomers and polymers

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22
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A single unit

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23
Q

What are polymers?

A

Many monomers bonded together

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24
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Made of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen

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25
Q

Where do you find carbohydrates?

A

Most foods

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26
Q

What are the three types of carbs?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

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27
Q

Facts about lipids

A

Store energy

Hydrophobic

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28
Q

What is hydrophobic?

A

Water fearing
Doesn’t dissolve in water and forms a layer
Lipids

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29
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

Water loving
Completely dissolves in water
Sugar

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30
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

Single bonds between all carbons

31
Q

Are saturated fats good or bad for you?

A

Bad

32
Q

Saturated - animal or plant?

A

Animal

33
Q

Saturated - solid or liquid at room temp

A

Solid

34
Q

Unsaturated fats?

A

Double bonds between one or more carbons

35
Q

Unsaturated - good or bad for you?

A

Good

36
Q

Unsaturated - plant or animal?

A

Plant

37
Q

Unsaturated - state at room temp?

A

Liquid

38
Q

What are steroids?

A

Cholesterol or hormones

39
Q

What do steroids look like?

A

Chain link fence

40
Q

Examples of steroids?

A

Testosterone

Estrogen

41
Q

What do nucleic acids do?

A

Store genetic info to make you or any part of you

42
Q

Two types of nucleic acids?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Ribonucleic acid

43
Q

Monomer of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide

44
Q

Monomer of nucleic acid?

A

Nucleotides

45
Q

3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate
Sugar
Base

46
Q

How many kinds of bases are there?

A

4

47
Q

What are the monomers of proteins?

A

Amino acids

48
Q

What hold amino acids together?

A

Peptide bonds

49
Q

How many different kinds of amino acid monomers are there?

A

20

50
Q

What determines function of protein?

A

Order of amino acids

51
Q

2 properties of proteins?

A

Provide structure

Help chemical reactions happen

52
Q

What does protein shape do?

A

Help determine function

53
Q

How many folds are there?

A

4

54
Q

How many proteins are in primary?

A

One

55
Q

What is the shape of primary?

A

Linear

56
Q

How many proteins are in secondary?

A

One

57
Q

How many ways are secondary folded?

A

2

58
Q

What are the two ways secondary is folded?

A

Alpha helix -squiggly

Beta pleated sheet - zig zag line

59
Q

How many proteins are in tertiary structure?

A

One

60
Q

How many ways are tertiary folded?

A

3

61
Q

What is the quaternary structure?

A

2 + protein chains folded primary or secondary

62
Q

Which forms are globular?

A

Tertiary and quaternary

63
Q

How many forms are primary?

A

One

64
Q

What is denaturization?

A

When a protein loses shape, thus losing function

65
Q

What causes denaturization?

A

Too high or too low heat

Too acidic or too basic

66
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein

67
Q

What are the monosaccharides?

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

68
Q

Disaccharides?

A

Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose

69
Q

Polysaccharides?

A

Starch

Cellulose

70
Q

What makes up maltose?

A

Two glucose

71
Q

What makes up lactose?

A

Glucose and galactose

72
Q

What makes up sucrose?

A

Glucose and fructose

73
Q

What makes up cellulose?

A

Beta glucose

74
Q

What makes up starch?

A

Alpha glucose

75
Q

What is beta glucose?

A

Can’t be used for energy and is deficated out

76
Q

What is alpha glucose

A

Used for energy