Chapter 10 - Cell Growth and Division

Question 0

Tell about how too many demands on DNA will make the cell divide.

Answer 0

cell size increases, more DNA is used

cell grows, but amount of DNA does not

Question 1

Why do cells divide?

Answer 1

too many demands on DNA

not enough outside space to move nutrients of waste in and out

Question 2

Tell about how a cell will divide if there is not enough outside space around a cell.

Answer 2

small cell - shorter communication distance between nucleus and organelles
if cell is too big, it produces too much waste and needs too much food
the cell surface is not large enough in large cells to let much in or out

Question 3

Two types of reproduction?

Answer 3

asexual

sexual

Question 4

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 4

a single parent cell divides into an exact copy of itself

Question 5

Examples of asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

bacteria

body cells

Question 6

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

the fusion of two cells into one resulting in an offspring genetically different from either parent

Question 7

Examples of sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

animals

Question 8

Names for chromosomes

Answer 8

DNA
chromosome
chromatin
chromatid
genome

Question 9

What are chromosomes?

Answer 9

strands of DNA

Question 10

How many chromosomes are in every cell?

Answer 10

46

Question 11

How many pairs are there?

Answer 11

23

Question 12

What are the 23 pairs made up of?

Answer 12

one set from mom, one set from dad

Question 13

How do you tell that the chromosomes from mom and dad are the same?

Answer 13

the same gene locations

Question 14

Where is DNA found?

Answer 14

the nucleus

Question 15

What is chromatin?

Answer 15

uncoiled working DNA that is open to expose the genes so they can be used

Question 16

What are chromatids?

Answer 16

coiled DNA ready for cell division

Question 17

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 17

copied DNA that form each side of the X

Question 18

What does the centromere do?

Answer 18

holds the sister chromatids together at their center

Question 19

What are the steps of the cell cycle?

Answer 19

IPPMAT
Interphase
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 20

What is interphase?

Answer 20

the working phase of the cell when the cell is growing

Question 21

What are the three phases of interphase?

Answer 21

G1, S, G2

Question 22

What happens during G1?

Answer 22

the cell grows and does regular cell work

Question 23

One fact about G1?

Answer 23

Most of the cell’s life occurs here

Question 24

What takes place during the S phase?

Answer 24

synthesis The DNA replicates itself sister chromatids are created

Question 25

What happens during G2?

Answer 25

the organelles replicate so each new cell has the correct amount of organelles the mother cell is created

Question 26

One fact about G2?

Answer 26

final preparations before cell division

Question 27

What is a mother cell?

Answer 27

a cell with replicated DNA and an increased amount of organelles

Question 28

What is the M phase?

Answer 28

mitosis

Question 29

What occurs during prophase?

Answer 29

chromosomes begin to coil up and become chromatid the nucleus begins to dissolve the nucleolus begins to disappear centrioles begin to move to the north and south poles spindle begins to form

Question 30

What are the centrioles doing?

Answer 30

producing spindle

Question 31

What is spindle and what does it do?

Answer 31

rope like substance that attaches to the centromere and pulls the sister chromatids apart, moving them toward the poles

Question 32

What happens in prometaphase?

Answer 32

chromosomes have completely unwound into chromatids | spindles have attached to centromeres of each sister chromatid

Question 33

What is kinetichore?

Answer 33

strands of proteins on each side of the centromere

Question 34

What do kinetichore do?

Answer 34

allow the spindle to attach to each sister chromatid

Question 35

What is nonkinetichore spindle?

Answer 35

spindle that does not attach to a chromosome, but helps push the cell apart for division

Question 36

What do the kinetichore do to the chromosomes?

Answer 36

move them toward the equator

Question 37

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 37

chromosomes line up at the equator all kinetichores on each chromatid have spindle attached spindles move chromosomes in a straight line at the equator non kinetichore spindle push off each other to push the cell apart

Question 38

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 38

spindles pull sister chromatids apart at the centromere | nonkinetichore spindle elongate, making the cell oblong

Question 39

What happens during telophase?

Answer 39

``` the nuclear membrane begins to reform the chromatids begin to unwind and become chromatin nucleolus reforms centrioles and spindle dissolve away cytokinesis begins ```

Question 40

what occurs during cytokinesis

Answer 40

the cell pinches into two daughter cells | each new daughter cell begins by G1 of interphase

Question 41

What is a daughter cell?

Answer 41

identical to the parent cell