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Biology > Chapters 4-5 > Flashcards

Chapters 4-5 Flashcards

0
Q

who is the father of taxonomy?

A

Charles Linnaeus

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1
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

naming things

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2
Q

What did Linnaeus do?

A

came up with a way to organize living beings

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3
Q

What was Linnaeus’s system?

A

Genus Species

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4
Q

What is genus species similar to, and one example

A

first name last name

homo sapien

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5
Q

Taxonomy organization

A 
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
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6
Q

How to remember the order

A

Dad keeps pots clean or family gets sick

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7
Q

Places taxonomy order

A 
continents
countries
states
counties
cities
towns
neighborhoods
houses
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8
Q

How are species named?

A

binomially

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9
Q

What is the name for humans and what does it mean?

A

homo sapien sapien

Wisest of man

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10
Q

what is population ecology

A

factors that influence population size, growth rate, density and population structure

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11
Q

what is a population

A

a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area at a given time

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12
Q

What is population density?

A

the number of individuals of a species per unit area

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13
Q

What is the mark and recapture formula trying to get, and what is the formula

A

number of individuals in a population=
marked individuals x total individuals caught the second time
divided by recaptured marked individuals

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14
Q

What is dispersion pattern?

A

the way individuals are spaced within a population

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15
Q

what is clumped pattern

A

when individuals are in patches

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16
Q

what is uniform pattern

A

uniformly spaced because they interact

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17
Q

what is random for dispersion pattern

A

individuals in a population are spaced without a pattern, such as a forest

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18
Q

what is exponential growth model

A

the rate of expansion of a population under ideal conditions

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19
Q

What does the whole population multiply by in the exponential growth model

A

a constant factor during constant time intervals

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20
Q

where does population go on the exponential growth model

A

y axis

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21
Q

where does time go on the exponential growth model

A

x axis

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22
Q

What does the exponential growth line look like

A

slanting up

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23
Q

exponential growth formula

A

G=rN

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24
what is G in the formula
growth rate
25
what is r in the formula
intrinsic growth rate of increase
26
What is the intrinsic rate of increase
an organism's ability to reproduce in ideal conditions
27
what does the N represent in the formula
population size
28
what is a logistic growth model
when an exponentially growing population reaches a limiting factor
29
what is a limiting factor
anything that stops or slows the reproduction of a population
30
examples of limiting factors
famine epidemic weed killer
31
on a graph, what does the graph look like with a limiting factor
the line swerves up, then hits a corner and starts going down
32
what part of a graph with the limiting factor is exponential growth
the line before it turns the corner
33
what is carrying capacity
the number of individuals in a population that an environment can maintain with no net increase or decrease
34
What are density dependent factors?
the population's limiting factor intensifies as the population size increases
35
example of density dependent factor?
food decrease decreases the population
36
what are density independent factors?
when the population's limiting factor is unrelated to population size
37
examples of density independent factors?
anything abiotic in the environment decreasing the population size drought fire
38
what does abiotic mean
non living
39
what are population cycles?
when a population has cycles of growth and non-growth
40
example of population cycles?
the rabbit population increases, the linx population also increases because there is food for babies and adults
41
what is age structure
the proportion of different age groups and individuals
42
What help increase population size?
better health care | no wars
43
key properties of a community
diversity prevalent form of vegetation stability trophic structure
44
what is diversity
different kinds of organisms that make up a community
45
what is species diversity
the number of different species in a community
46
what is the prevalent form of vegetation
the number of different species in a community
47
what is stability
the community's ability to resist change and return to its original species composition after being disturbed
48
what is the trophic structure
the feeding relationship between various species in a community
49
what is interspecific competition, and what is one word for it?
populations of two or more species in a community rely on similar limiting resources outside competition
50
what is intraspecific competition
organisms of the same species compete for the same limiting resource inside competition
51
what is the competitive exclusion principle
populations of two species cannot coexist if their niches are nearly identical
52
what is a niche
the role you play in a community
53
what is the ecological niche, and another word for it?
the sum total of a species' use of biotic and abiotic resources carbon footprint
54
what is resource partitioning
the separation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community
55
what is predation
the interaction between species where one is predator and one is prey
56
what is the predator
consumer
57
what is the prey
food
58
about predator adaptions
predators have highly sensitive senses so they can locate and identify prey claws, teeth, sense of smell are used to attack prey
59
plant defenses against herbivores
thorns or chemical toxins in a plant help keep herbivores away
60
what are animal defenses against predators
``` camouflage horns running cryptic coloration Batesian mimicry Mullerian mimicry ```
61
what is camouflage?
coloring and texturing to match the environment to hide
62
what is cryptic coloration
warning coloring
63
examples of cryptic coloration
red snakes and red frogs are the most dangerous
64
what is Batesian mimicry
when the prey looks like another animal that is poison to the predator
65
example of Batesian mimicry
the Hawk moth larva looks like a snake on its end
66
what is mullerian mimicry
the prey looks like an unpalatable species
67
example of mullerian mimicry
the monarch butterfly and the moth
68
what are symbiotic relationships
the interaction between one species and its host
69
3 types of symbiotic relationships
parasitism mutualism commensalism
70
what is parasitism with an example
where one benefits at the expense of another | tapeworm and tick
71
what is mutualism with example
both benefit | flowers and bees
72
what is commensalism with example
where one benefits and the other is not harmed or helped | birds perching on animals for safety
73
what are disturbances with examples
episodes that damage communities by destroying organisms and altering the availability of resources fire, flood, deforestation
74
What is ecological succession
how a community changes after a disturbance
75
what are the two types of ecological succession
primary and secondary
76
what is primary succession with example
when a community arises in a lifeless area with no soil | Volcanic islands
77
what is secondary succession with example
disturbance has destroyed the community but left the soil intact deforestation

Biology (9 decks)

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