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Biology > Chapters 4-5 > Flashcards

Chapters 4-5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

who is the father of taxonomy?

A

Charles Linnaeus

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1
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

naming things

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2
Q

What did Linnaeus do?

A

came up with a way to organize living beings

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3
Q

What was Linnaeus’s system?

A

Genus Species

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4
Q

What is genus species similar to, and one example

A

first name last name

homo sapien

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5
Q

Taxonomy organization

A 
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
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6
Q

How to remember the order

A

Dad keeps pots clean or family gets sick

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7
Q

Places taxonomy order

A 
continents
countries
states
counties
cities
towns
neighborhoods
houses
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8
Q

How are species named?

A

binomially

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9
Q

What is the name for humans and what does it mean?

A

homo sapien sapien

Wisest of man

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10
Q

what is population ecology

A

factors that influence population size, growth rate, density and population structure

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11
Q

what is a population

A

a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area at a given time

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12
Q

What is population density?

A

the number of individuals of a species per unit area

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13
Q

What is the mark and recapture formula trying to get, and what is the formula

A

number of individuals in a population=
marked individuals x total individuals caught the second time
divided by recaptured marked individuals

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14
Q

What is dispersion pattern?

A

the way individuals are spaced within a population

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15
Q

what is clumped pattern

A

when individuals are in patches

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16
Q

what is uniform pattern

A

uniformly spaced because they interact

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17
Q

what is random for dispersion pattern

A

individuals in a population are spaced without a pattern, such as a forest

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18
Q

what is exponential growth model

A

the rate of expansion of a population under ideal conditions

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19
Q

What does the whole population multiply by in the exponential growth model

A

a constant factor during constant time intervals

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20
Q

where does population go on the exponential growth model

A

y axis

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21
Q

where does time go on the exponential growth model

A

x axis

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22
Q

What does the exponential growth line look like

A

slanting up

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23
Q

exponential growth formula

A

G=rN

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24
Q

what is G in the formula

A

growth rate

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25
Q

what is r in the formula

A

intrinsic growth rate of increase

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26
Q

What is the intrinsic rate of increase

A

an organism’s ability to reproduce in ideal conditions

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27
Q

what does the N represent in the formula

A

population size

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28
Q

what is a logistic growth model

A

when an exponentially growing population reaches a limiting factor

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29
Q

what is a limiting factor

A

anything that stops or slows the reproduction of a population

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30
Q

examples of limiting factors

A

famine
epidemic
weed killer

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31
Q

on a graph, what does the graph look like with a limiting factor

A

the line swerves up, then hits a corner and starts going down

32
Q

what part of a graph with the limiting factor is exponential growth

A

the line before it turns the corner

33
Q

what is carrying capacity

A

the number of individuals in a population that an environment can maintain with no net increase or decrease

34
Q

What are density dependent factors?

A

the population’s limiting factor intensifies as the population size increases

35
Q

example of density dependent factor?

A

food decrease decreases the population

36
Q

what are density independent factors?

A

when the population’s limiting factor is unrelated to population size

37
Q

examples of density independent factors?

A

anything abiotic in the environment decreasing the population size
drought
fire

38
Q

what does abiotic mean

A

non living

39
Q

what are population cycles?

A

when a population has cycles of growth and non-growth

40
Q

example of population cycles?

A

the rabbit population increases, the linx population also increases because there is food for babies and adults

41
Q

what is age structure

A

the proportion of different age groups and individuals

42
Q

What help increase population size?

A

better health care

no wars

43
Q

key properties of a community

A

diversity
prevalent form of vegetation
stability
trophic structure

44
Q

what is diversity

A

different kinds of organisms that make up a community

45
Q

what is species diversity

A

the number of different species in a community

46
Q

what is the prevalent form of vegetation

A

the number of different species in a community

47
Q

what is stability

A

the community’s ability to resist change and return to its original species composition after being disturbed

48
Q

what is the trophic structure

A

the feeding relationship between various species in a community

49
Q

what is interspecific competition, and what is one word for it?

A

populations of two or more species in a community rely on similar limiting resources
outside competition

50
Q

what is intraspecific competition

A

organisms of the same species compete for the same limiting resource
inside competition

51
Q

what is the competitive exclusion principle

A

populations of two species cannot coexist if their niches are nearly identical

52
Q

what is a niche

A

the role you play in a community

53
Q

what is the ecological niche, and another word for it?

A

the sum total of a species’ use of biotic and abiotic resources
carbon footprint

54
Q

what is resource partitioning

A

the separation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community

55
Q

what is predation

A

the interaction between species where one is predator and one is prey

56
Q

what is the predator

A

consumer

57
Q

what is the prey

A

food

58
Q

about predator adaptions

A

predators have highly sensitive senses so they can locate and identify prey
claws, teeth, sense of smell are used to attack prey

59
Q

plant defenses against herbivores

A

thorns or chemical toxins in a plant help keep herbivores away

60
Q

what are animal defenses against predators

A 
camouflage
horns
running
cryptic coloration
Batesian mimicry
Mullerian mimicry
61
Q

what is camouflage?

A

coloring and texturing to match the environment to hide

62
Q

what is cryptic coloration

A

warning coloring

63
Q

examples of cryptic coloration

A

red snakes and red frogs are the most dangerous

64
Q

what is Batesian mimicry

A

when the prey looks like another animal that is poison to the predator

65
Q

example of Batesian mimicry

A

the Hawk moth larva looks like a snake on its end

66
Q

what is mullerian mimicry

A

the prey looks like an unpalatable species

67
Q

example of mullerian mimicry

A

the monarch butterfly and the moth

68
Q

what are symbiotic relationships

A

the interaction between one species and its host

69
Q

3 types of symbiotic relationships

A

parasitism
mutualism
commensalism

70
Q

what is parasitism with an example

A

where one benefits at the expense of another

tapeworm and tick

71
Q

what is mutualism with example

A

both benefit

flowers and bees

72
Q

what is commensalism with example

A

where one benefits and the other is not harmed or helped

birds perching on animals for safety

73
Q

what are disturbances with examples

A

episodes that damage communities by destroying organisms and altering the availability of resources
fire, flood, deforestation

74
Q

What is ecological succession

A

how a community changes after a disturbance

75
Q

what are the two types of ecological succession

A

primary and secondary

76
Q

what is primary succession with example

A

when a community arises in a lifeless area with no soil

Volcanic islands

77
Q

what is secondary succession with example

A

disturbance has destroyed the community but left the soil intact
deforestation

Biology (9 decks)

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