Test 1: Yeast Flashcards
- Cryptococcus*
- Candida*
- Malassezia*
are all forms of
YEAST
What is blastoconidia
and when is it observed?
Blastoconidia is observed microscopically
during asexual reproduction
and are
single celled budding structures
Telemorphs, like Candida are found in this phylum
Phylum Ascomycota
Phylum Basidiomycota
includes which types of yeast?
Phylum Basidiomycota
includes
**Cryptococcus **and Malassezia
___________
is a yeast found in the *proventriculus *of birds
going light in budgerigars
and causes
fatal disease characterized by
progressive weight loss in birds
Megabacteria
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster
This yeast causes
ulcerative lesions affecting mucous membranes
of the
respiratory tract
meninges of the CNS
chorioretinitis of the eye
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans
can affect all animals, including humans, but MOSTLY affects which species?
CATS
affected most by
Cryptococcus neoformans
The virulent polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans
is stained well by
mucicarmine
Melanin and Mannitol
are virulence factors that
act as free radical scavengers in
what type of yeast infection?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans is variable and has
4 serotypes.
Name them and where they are found.
Serotype A: Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii
Serotype B and C: Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii
Serotype D: Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans
Grubii and Neoformans (A and D) in TEMPERATE
Gattii (B and C) in southern california
What are the 3 reservoirs of
Cryptococcus neoformans?
Cryptococcus neoformans
in
surface dust and dirt
amoebas
dried pigeon poop
_________
acts as the selective compound
of
Cryptococcus neoformans in dried pigeon poop
Creatinine
Which serotype of Cryptococcus neoformans
is associated with
eucalyptus tree?
Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii
What is the usual route of transmission of
Cryptococcus neoformans?
respiratory route
Mxyomatous masses
are masses with high numbers of yeast and low numbers of inflammatory cells are seen in the pathogensis of
Cryptococcus neoformans
Infections of Cryptococcus neoformans
often localize in what part of the body?
CNS
In what animal does infection by Cryptococcus neoformans (coccidiosis)
never advance past regional lymph nodes?
CATTLE
CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES
are important immunologic aspects causing immune paralysis, complement depletion, and antibody masking
in
Cryptococcus neoformans
infection
Defense against *Cryptococcus neoformans *
is
_________ but mostly ________
humoral, but MOSTLY cell-mediated
T/F
Vaccines are available to treat cryptococcal infections
FALSE
NO VACCINES are available to treat infections by
Cryptococcus neoformans
Which stain is used to diagnose
*Cryptococcus neoformans *
which appears as
gram positive?
INDIA INK
What is special about the culturing of
*Cryptococcus neoformans *
NO cyclohexamide in media
and
urease activity is present
What is the treatment of choice for
dogs and cats
affected by
*Cryptococcus neoformans *
Fluconazole
and cleaning surfaces with LIME solution
M. pachydermatis is the ONLY species of the 7 species of Malassezia
that is ________
*M. pachydermatis *
is the only one that is
lipophilic
and DOES NOT require lipids to grow
T/F
M. pachydermatis is
sensitive to heat
FALSE
M. pachydermatis is sensitive to COLD
What is the method of transmission of *M. pachydermatis *?
*M. pachydermatis *
is an
opportunistic fungi
because it is normally found on the skin of healthy animals
West Highland White Terriers are especially susceptible to what diseases associated with
M. pachydermatis ?
SEBORRHIC DERMATITIS
and
epidermal dysplasia
in Westies
What kind of yeast looks characteristically like
a bottle or a shoeprint?
M. pachydermatis
*Candida *is _________
while
*M. pachydermatis *is opportunistic
Candida is PARASITIC
Which yeast inhabits the mucous membranes of most mammals and birds?
Candida albicans
Candida albicans
mainly affects
squamous epithelium
of mucous membranes
really? cool!
You see whitish pseudomembranous material covering the crop surface in a bird resembling thrush in humans. What is it?
Candida albicans
Candida albicans usually affects the anterior digestive tract of birds. Where does it affect in
pigs and horses?
Candida albicans
affects the
alimentary canal
in pigs and horses
Genital infections by ________ can cause
- abortions*
- metritis*
and
infertility
in HORSES
Candida albicans
_________
is only really seen in
calves under intensive antibiotic care
Candida albicans
Candida albicans can cause
______ ______
in the digestive and genital tracts
of dogs and cats
ulcerative lesions
What are the main immunological defenses against
candidiosis?
neutrophils and macrophages
How do you treat and prevent
Candida albicans
in poultry?
Put copper sulfate in their water
How is Candida albicans treated in
dogs and cats?
Using fluconazole
