Test 1: Streptococcus (Gram +) Flashcards
Will Streptococcus spp.
cause a catalase test to be positive or negative?
What about Staphylococcus spp. ?
NEGATIVE
Staphylococcus is positive in catalase test
The most pathogenic strains of
Streptococcus spp.
are _____-hemolytic
BETA- hemolytic
The capsule of Streptococcus
is composed of
hyaluronic acid
What autoimmune disease are associated with the hyaluronic acid capsule of Streptococcus?
Rheumatic fever
and
Acute Glomerulonephritis
The adhesin virulence factor of Streptococcus
is
MSCRAMMS
What is the function of
M-protein
M-protein
is
anti-phagocytic by binding fibrinogen
and is a VIRULENCE FACTOR
A cytokine storm is caused by *Streptococcal *___________ _________
Cytokine storm by
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins
Which virulence factors help
SPREAD THE ORGANISM (Streptococcus)?
Streptokinases
and
Proteases, hyaluronidases, and DNAases
Streptococcus spp.
mostly live commensally
where?
Upper respiratory tract
Alimentary tract
Lower genital tract
*Streptococci *lead to inflammation that leads to
suppuration and abcess formation
Which strain of *Streptococcus *
is associated with neonates and pregnancy?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Meningitis is caused by which strain of
Streptococcus?
Streptococcus **pneumoniae **
What are the 2 non-suppurative *Streptococcal *infections in humans?
Rheumatic Fever
Acute Glomerulonephritis
What causes “Strangles” and what is it?
Streptococcus equi
It is a highly contagius febrile *rhinopharyngitis *
involving abcessation of regional lymph nodes
What is the widespread abcess formation and systemic manifestation of Strangles called?
Bastard Strangles
T/F
Strangles in mainly in young horses
TRUE
What is the main causative agent of pneumonia/pyothorax in horses?
Streptococcus equi subs zooepidemicus
What is Navel ill of foals?
The failure of a foal under 5 days old to acquire passive immunity through colostrum
Bacteremia or septicemia may occur
Suppurative osteomyelitis is also a common finding
*Streptococcus porcinus *
is known to cause what
highly contagious disease of young animals?
Cervical Lymphadenitis (Jowl Abcess)
in young pigs
caused by
S. porcinus
Streptococcus suis
is a significant human pathogen
known to cause what disease in pigs?
Endocarditis
Secondary Pneumonias
*S. agalactiae *
is an important causative agent of
_________ in ruminants
S. agalactiae
causes
mastitis in ruminants
“Puppy Strangles” or septicemia in newbown pups
is cause by which strain of streptococcus?
S. canis
causes
Puppy Strangles
Toxic Shock like syndrome
and
Necrotizing fascitis in dogs
is caused by
streptococcus canis
S. pneumoniae
is the leading cause of what 3 diseases in primates?
S. pneumoniae
causes
Pneumonia
Septicemia
Meningitis
in primates
Which 2 strains of streptococcus
causes septicemia in fish
and is seen in St. Kitts
S. iniae
and
S. agalactiae
You are presented with a 5 y/o Cocker Spaniel
with a history of persistent pyoderma.
You collect samples from the edge of the lesion an observe
gram + coccoid bacteria.
As part of your Ddx, what should you have?
- Streptococcus canis
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus intermedius
You are presented with a 5 y/o Cocker Spaniel
with a history of *persistent pyoderma. *
You collect samples from the edge of the lesion an observe
gram + coccoid bacteria.
You then figure out that the isolate is catalase positive
What is the most likely causative agent?
Staphylococcus pseudointermedius
T/F
Healthy individuals can carry streptococcus
True!
*streptococcus *is endogenous
Can a streptococcus infection
be caused by stress?
YES!
Stress can cause *streptococcus *infection
T/F
*streptococcus spp. *cannot be spread from animal to human
FALSE
zoonosis is associated with streptococcus
In an equine infection of streptococcus
immunopathogenic mechanisms cause
________ __________
to occur after Strangles
Purpura Hemorrhagica
follows Strangles
in a streptococcal infection
of a horse
What is the main immunological defense against
streptococcus?
Phagocytosis
Immunity against streptococcus
is ________ specific
serotype specific
In regards to host immunity against streptococcus
sometimes, specific antibodies are protective.
What are the antibodies in the nasopharynx
that protect against the M protein virulence factor in Strangles?
IgA and IgG
in the nasopharynx of the horse
fight against m-protein virulence factor associated with Strangles
There are vaccines to protect against Strangles, but what is the problem with them?
*Variability *makes development difficult
and it is a
live, attenuated vaccine
meaning there is a
RISK OF REVERSION!!
Because *streptococcus *can tolerate ______% sodium azide,
this compound is used in isolation techniques for streptococcus
0.02%** sodium azide**
In order to identify *streptococcus *strains
the CAMP test is employed because of the property of
________ ________
CAMP Test
and
hemolytic synergism
Strains of streptococcus agalactiae augment the
hemolytic activity
of
staphylococcal B-toxin
via action of the
CAMP Factor (cocytolysin)
This interaction is called what?
Hemolytic Synergism
This pathogen is NOT a streptococcus
but were once classified as Class D streptococcus
Enterococcus
Where would you normally find Enterococcus?
In the intestinal tract of mammals and birds
Which sites are most likely to become infected by Enterococcus?
Enterococcus will infect compromised sites such as
Urinary Bladder (if there is a UTI)
and
The ear in dogs (with otitis externa)
Streptococcus or Enterococcus
Grown in MacConkey agar
Enterococcus
Streptococcus or Enterococcus
Alpha or Beta Hemolytic on Blood Agar
- Streptococcus*
- Enterococcus*is alpha or gamma hemolytic
Streptococcus or Enterococcus
Some are motile
Enterococcus
Streptococcus or Enterococcus
Grown at increased temperature (45C)
Enterococcus
What are the 2 most important strains of Enterococci?
What do they cause?
E. faecalis
E. faecium
<em>E. faecalis: More species!- Septicemia and diarrhea in birds, UTI in dogs, Mastitis in cows</em>
<em>E. faecium: ONLY septicemia in birds</em>
*Enterococcus *share ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENES with what pathogen?
Enterococcus and Staph aureus
share
antimicrobial resistance genes!
E. faecalis and E. faecium
became resistent to
Vancomycin in Europe due to the use of what substance?
*Enterococcus *resistance to Vancomycin
caused by use of
avoparcin
*Streptococcus *or Enterococcus
Grown on blood agar at 37C
Streptococcus
