Test 1: Streptococcus (Gram +) Flashcards by Preeti Gulve

Will Streptococcus spp.

cause a catalase test to be positive or negative?

What about Staphylococcus spp. ?

NEGATIVE

Staphylococcus is positive in catalase test

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The most pathogenic strains of

Streptococcus spp.

are _____-hemolytic

BETA- hemolytic

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The capsule of Streptococcus

is composed of

hyaluronic acid

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What autoimmune disease are associated with the hyaluronic acid capsule of Streptococcus?

Rheumatic fever

and

Acute Glomerulonephritis

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The adhesin virulence factor of Streptococcus

MSCRAMMS

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What is the function of

M-protein

M-protein

anti-phagocytic by binding fibrinogen

and is a VIRULENCE FACTOR

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A cytokine storm is caused by *Streptococcal *___________ _________

Cytokine storm by

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

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Which virulence factors help

SPREAD THE ORGANISM (Streptococcus)?

Streptokinases

and

Proteases, hyaluronidases, and DNAases

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Streptococcus spp.

mostly live commensally

where?

Upper respiratory tract

Alimentary tract

Lower genital tract

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*Streptococci *lead to inflammation that leads to

suppuration and abcess formation

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Which strain of *Streptococcus *

is associated with neonates and pregnancy?

Streptococcus agalactiae

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Meningitis is caused by which strain of

Streptococcus?

Streptococcus **pneumoniae **

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What are the 2 non-suppurative *Streptococcal *infections in humans?

Rheumatic Fever

Acute Glomerulonephritis

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What causes “Strangles” and what is it?

Streptococcus equi

It is a highly contagius febrile *rhinopharyngitis *

involving abcessation of regional lymph nodes

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What is the widespread abcess formation and systemic manifestation of Strangles called?

Bastard Strangles

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T/F

Strangles in mainly in young horses

TRUE

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What is the main causative agent of pneumonia/pyothorax in horses?

Streptococcus equi subs zooepidemicus

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What is Navel ill of foals?

The failure of a foal under 5 days old to acquire passive immunity through colostrum

Bacteremia or septicemia may occur

Suppurative osteomyelitis is also a common finding

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*Streptococcus porcinus *

is known to cause what

highly contagious disease of young animals?

Cervical Lymphadenitis (Jowl Abcess)

in young pigs

caused by

S. porcinus

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Streptococcus suis

is a significant human pathogen

known to cause what disease in pigs?

Endocarditis

Secondary Pneumonias

*S. agalactiae *

is an important causative agent of

_________ in ruminants

S. agalactiae

causes

mastitis in ruminants

“Puppy Strangles” or septicemia in newbown pups

is cause by which strain of streptococcus?

S. canis

causes

Puppy Strangles

Toxic Shock like syndrome

and

Necrotizing fascitis in dogs

is caused by

streptococcus canis

S. pneumoniae

is the leading cause of what 3 diseases in primates?

S. pneumoniae

causes

Pneumonia

Septicemia

Meningitis

in primates

Which 2 strains of *streptococcus* causes septicemia in fish **and is seen in St. Kitts**

*S. iniae* and *S. agalactiae*

You are presented with a 5 y/o Cocker Spaniel with a history of *persistent pyoderma*. You collect samples from the edge of the lesion an observe **gram + coccoid bacteria**. _As part of your Ddx, what should you have?_

1. *Streptococcus canis* 2. *Staphylococcus aureus* 3. *Staphylococcus intermedius*

You are presented with a 5 y/o Cocker Spaniel with a history of *persistent pyoderma. * You collect samples from the edge of the lesion an observe **gram + coccoid bacteria.** _You then figure out that the isolate is catalase positive_ What is the most likely causative agent?

*Staphylococcus pseudointermedius*

T/F Healthy individuals can carry *streptococcus*

True! *streptococcus *is **endogenous**

Can a *streptococcus infection* be caused by **stress**?

YES! Stress can cause *streptococcus *infection

T/F *streptococcus spp. *cannot be spread from animal to human

FALSE **zoonosis** is associated with *streptococcus*

In an equine infection of *streptococcus* immunopathogenic mechanisms cause \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to occur after Strangles

_Purpura_ _Hemorrhagica_ follows Strangles in a *streptococcal infection* of a **horse**

What is the **main immunological defense** against *streptococcus*?

Phagocytosis

Immunity against *streptococcus* is ________ specific

_serotype_ specific

In regards to host immunity against *streptococcus* sometimes, **specific antibodies** are protective. What are the _antibodies in the nasopharynx_ that protect against the **M protein virulence factor** in Strangles?

_IgA_ and _IgG_ in the nasopharynx of the horse fight against **m-protein virulence factor** associated with Strangles

There are vaccines to protect against **_Strangles_**, but what is the problem with them?

*Variability *makes development difficult and it is a **live, attenuated vaccine** meaning there is a **_RISK OF REVERSION!!_**

Because *streptococcus *can tolerate \_\_\_\_\_\_% sodium azide, this compound is used in isolation techniques for *streptococcus*

**_0.02%_**** sodium azide**

In order to identify *streptococcus *strains the _CAMP test_ is employed because of the property of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

CAMP Test and **_hemolytic_** **_synergism_**

Strains of *_streptococcus agalactiae_* augment the **hemolytic activity** of *staphylococcal B-toxin* via action of the **CAMP Factor (cocytolysin)** _This interaction is called what?_

Hemolytic Synergism

This pathogen is NOT a *streptococcus* but were once classified as Class D *streptococcus*

*Enterococcus*

Where would you normally find *Enterococcus*?

In the _intestinal_ _tract_ of mammals and birds

Which sites are most likely to become infected by *Enterococcus*?

*Enterococcus* will infect compromised sites such as **Urinary Bladder (if there is a UTI)** and **The ear in dogs (with otitis externa)**

*Streptococcus* or *Enterococcus* Grown in MacConkey agar

*Enterococcus*

*Streptococcus or Enterococcus* Alpha or Beta Hemolytic on Blood Agar

* Streptococcus* * ^Enterococcus*^{is alpha or gamma hemolytic}

*Streptococcus or Enterococcus* Some are motile

*Enterococcus*

*Streptococcus or Enterococcus* Grown at increased temperature (45C)

*Enterococcus*

What are the 2 most important strains of *Enterococci*? What do they cause?

***E. faecalis*** *E. faecium* ^{E. faecalis: More species!- Septicemia and diarrhea in birds, UTI in dogs, Mastitis in cows} ^{E. faecium: ONLY septicemia in birds}

*Enterococcus *share ANTIMICROBIAL **RESISTANCE GENES** with what pathogen?

*Enterococcus* and _Staph aureus_ share **antimicrobial resistance genes!**

*E. faecalis and E. faecium* became resistent to **Vancomycin** in Europe due to the use of what substance?

*Enterococcus *resistance to Vancomycin caused by use of **_avoparcin_**

*Streptococcus *or *Enterococcus* Grown on blood agar at 37C

*Streptococcus*