Test 1: Corynebacterium (Gram +)

Question 1

Is Corynebacterium

Catalase negative

or

Catalase positive?

Answer 1

Corynebacterium

is

catalase POSITIVE +++

^{like staphylococcus}

Question 2

T/F

Pleiomorphism is a characteristic of Corynebacterium

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Corynebacterium

are ___________

meaning they have packets of parallel “palisades”

or

crisscrossing cells “chinese letters”

Answer 3

Corynebacterium

are

diphteroid

Question 4

If you see “gram positive rods that stain irregularly”

what bacteria do you have?

Answer 4

Corynebacterium

gram + bacillus, non-acid fastness causes irregular staining

Question 5

What are the only 2 Corynebacterium

Veterinary pathogens?

Answer 5

• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis*
• Corynebacterium renale*

Question 6

Which *Corynebacterium *species causes human pathogenesis?

Answer 6

Corynebacterium diphteriae

Question 7

Which species of Corynebacterium causes

abcesses in cows and horses

Answer 7

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 8

Which species of Corynebacterium

causes lymphadenitis and lymphangitis?

Answer 8

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 9

Which species of Corynebacterium

causes disease of the urinary tract

in ruminants?

Answer 9

Corynebacterium renale

Question 10

Which species of Corynebacterium

produces a

potent exotoxin?

Answer 10

Corynebacterium diphteriae

Question 11

Which species of Corynebacterium is

Zoonotic?

Answer 11

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 12

The cell wall of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

is typical for a gram + bacteria,

except for the addition of ________ acid

and a high concentration of lipids

Answer 12

MYCOLIC acid

in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

cell walls

Question 13

What is the function of the virulence factors

lipotechoic acid and peptidoglycan

in the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 13

lipotechoic acid and peptidoglycan are

PROINFLAMMATORY

Question 14

What is the most importan virulence factor for

• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis*
  (hint: it’s an exotoxin)

Answer 14

Phospholipase D (PLD)

most important virulence factor for

• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis*
• ^{Fag ABCD plays a role in iron acquisition}*

Question 15

What are the 2 biotypes of

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Answer 15

Equine biotype - Horses and cows

Ovine Biotype- Ovines and caprines

Question 16

Which biotype of

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

is

NITRATE +

Answer 16

The EQUINE BIOTYPE of

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

is

Nitrate positive!

Question 17

Which biotype of

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

is

NITRATE –

Answer 17

The

OVINE BIOTYPE

of

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

is

Nitrate negative!!

Question 18

What is the reservoir for

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 18

Found in lesions but also in the

GI Tract of normal animals

Can be found in contaminated soil

Question 19

How is

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

transmitted?

Answer 19

Via DIRECT CONTACT

through shears, feeders, contaminated feed

Question 20

Trace the pathogenesis of

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Answer 20

BacT in skin –> BacT multiply –> Phagocytic cell dies –>

Permeability –> Abcess in REGIONAL LYMPH NODE –>

Chronic condition leads to GRANULOMAS

Question 21

Describe the lesions found in

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Answer 21

**Greenish **exudate

Pus **varies **from creamy to crumbly/dry “cheese”

Question 22

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

causes

Ulcerative Lymphangitis

in which animal species?

Answer 22

Ulcerative Lymphangitis

in

HORSES

Question 23

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

causes

Caseous Lymphadenitis

in which animal species?

Answer 23

Caseous Lymphadenitis

in

SHEEP AND GOATS

Question 24

The following characteristics describe which disease caused by

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Pectoral abcesses

Hematogenous dissemination is RARE

Ascends lymphatics from fetlock to inguinal region

Answer 24

Equine Ulcerative Lymphangitis

caused by

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection

Question 25

What disease caused by *Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis* is the most important for **economic loss**

Answer 25

**Caseous Lymphadenitis of Sheep and Goats**

Question 26

The following characteristics describe which disease caused by *Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis*? Chronic abcessation of PERIPHERAL lymph nodes Can see abcesses on face, neck, lungs, liver, chese **Onion ring** appearance Most infections are *chronic*

Answer 26

**Caseous Lymphadenitis** of **Sheep and Goats**

Question 27

Synergistic Hemolysis Inhibition test is used to ID which strain of Corynebacterium?

Answer 27

*Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis* **synergy with R. equi**

Question 28

T/F The prognosis for infection by *Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis* is good

Answer 28

FALSE The prognosis is POOR for *Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis*

Question 29

T/F *C. Renale* is considered **normal flora** in the lower genital tract of **CATTLE only**

Answer 29

TRUE *​C. Renale* is **NORMAL FLORA** in CATTLE lower genital tract

Question 30

What 2 diseases are caused by *​C. Renale* in **Bovines?**

Answer 30

**Bovine *cystitis* and Ascending *Pyelonephritis***

Question 31

What disease is caused in **ovines** by *​C. Renale*?

Answer 31

**Ovine Posthitis** **aka** **PIZZLE ROT/ SHEATH ROT**

Question 32

T/F *​C. Renale* causes **Zoonosis**

Answer 32

FALSE!! ***​C. Renale *does NOT cause Zoonosis** (But *​C. Pseudotuberculosis* does!)

Question 33

Even though *​C. Renale* is considered normal flora in the lower genital tract of cattle, it is not normal in the lower genital tract of **horses, dogs, and primates**. What does *​C. Renale* cause in these animals?

Answer 33

**UTIs ** in Horses, dogs, and primates

Question 34

How is *​C. Renale* transmitted?

Answer 34

**Venereal route** and in **contaminated urine**

Question 35

What are the major virulence factors for *​C. Renale*?

Answer 35

**Pili** and **fimbriae** on surface **UREASES** = virulence

Question 36

An acute or chronic ascending UTI caused by *​C. Renale* in cows

Answer 36

**Bovine Pyelonephritis**

Question 37

A necrotizing inflammation of the prepuce in castrated sheep or goats caused by ## Footnote *​C. Renale*

Answer 37

**Ovine Posthitis (Pizzle Rot/ Sheath Rot)**

Question 38

What is the dietary risk factor that can cause *​C. Renale *induced **Ovine Posthitis (Pizzle Rot)**?

Answer 38

**HIGH PROTEIN DIET** is a risk factor for Ovine Posthitis ^{because it causes high alkaline urine and produces ammonia (urease) which is thought to initiate the inflammatory process}

Question 39

What are the clinical signs of *​C. Renale *induced Ovine Posthitis?

Answer 39

Painful urination Purulent exudate in urine Scarring of preputial orafice (obstructive uremia)

Question 40

You carry out a Christensen's Urea Agar Slant and notice that the **diptheroid isolate** does an *alkaline shift* within MINUTES of inoculation. What is the most likely pathogen?

Answer 40

*​C. Renale* alkaline shift in minutes

Question 41

You take a sample of urine and test it. The findings include: - Proteinuria - High alkalinity (pH 9.0) - Pleiomorphic gram + diphteroid rods What is the most likely pathogen?

Answer 41

*​C. Renale*