Test 1: Corynebacterium (Gram +) Flashcards
Is Corynebacterium
Catalase negative
or
Catalase positive?
Corynebacterium
is
catalase POSITIVE +++
like staphylococcus
T/F
Pleiomorphism is a characteristic of Corynebacterium
TRUE
Corynebacterium
are ___________
meaning they have packets of parallel “palisades”
or
crisscrossing cells “chinese letters”
Corynebacterium
are
diphteroid
If you see “gram positive rods that stain irregularly”
what bacteria do you have?
Corynebacterium
gram + bacillus, non-acid fastness causes irregular staining
What are the only 2 Corynebacterium
Veterinary pathogens?
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis*
- Corynebacterium renale*
Which *Corynebacterium *species causes human pathogenesis?
Corynebacterium diphteriae
Which species of Corynebacterium causes
abcesses in cows and horses
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Which species of Corynebacterium
causes lymphadenitis and lymphangitis?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Which species of Corynebacterium
causes disease of the urinary tract
in ruminants?
Corynebacterium renale
Which species of Corynebacterium
produces a
potent exotoxin?
Corynebacterium diphteriae
Which species of Corynebacterium is
Zoonotic?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
The cell wall of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
is typical for a gram + bacteria,
except for the addition of ________ acid
and a high concentration of lipids
MYCOLIC acid
in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
cell walls
What is the function of the virulence factors
lipotechoic acid and peptidoglycan
in the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
lipotechoic acid and peptidoglycan are
PROINFLAMMATORY
What is the most importan virulence factor for
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis*
(hint: it’s an exotoxin)
Phospholipase D (PLD)
most important virulence factor for
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis*
- Fag ABCD plays a role in iron acquisition*
What are the 2 biotypes of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Equine biotype - Horses and cows
Ovine Biotype- Ovines and caprines
Which biotype of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
is
NITRATE +
The EQUINE BIOTYPE of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
is
Nitrate positive!
Which biotype of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
is
NITRATE –
The
OVINE BIOTYPE
of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
is
Nitrate negative!!
What is the reservoir for
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Found in lesions but also in the
GI Tract of normal animals
Can be found in contaminated soil
How is
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
transmitted?
Via DIRECT CONTACT
through shears, feeders, contaminated feed
Trace the pathogenesis of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
BacT in skin –> BacT multiply –> Phagocytic cell dies –>
Permeability –> Abcess in REGIONAL LYMPH NODE –>
Chronic condition leads to GRANULOMAS
Describe the lesions found in
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
**Greenish **exudate
Pus **varies **from creamy to crumbly/dry “cheese”
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
causes
Ulcerative Lymphangitis
in which animal species?
Ulcerative Lymphangitis
in
HORSES
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
causes
Caseous Lymphadenitis
in which animal species?
Caseous Lymphadenitis
in
SHEEP AND GOATS
The following characteristics describe which disease caused by
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Pectoral abcesses
Hematogenous dissemination is RARE
Ascends lymphatics from fetlock to inguinal region
Equine Ulcerative Lymphangitis
caused by
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection
What disease caused by
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
is the most important for
economic loss
Caseous Lymphadenitis of Sheep and Goats
The following characteristics describe which disease caused by
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?
Chronic abcessation of PERIPHERAL lymph nodes
Can see abcesses on face, neck, lungs, liver, chese
Onion ring appearance
Most infections are chronic
Caseous Lymphadenitis
of
Sheep and Goats
Synergistic Hemolysis Inhibition test
is used to ID which strain of Corynebacterium?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
synergy with R. equi
T/F
The prognosis for infection by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
is good
FALSE
The prognosis is POOR for
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
T/F
C. Renale
is considered normal flora
in the lower genital tract of CATTLE only
TRUE
C. Renale is NORMAL FLORA
in CATTLE lower genital tract
What 2 diseases are caused by
C. Renale
in Bovines?
Bovine cystitis and Ascending Pyelonephritis
What disease is caused in ovines by
C. Renale?
Ovine Posthitis
aka
PIZZLE ROT/ SHEATH ROT
T/F
C. Renale
causes
Zoonosis
FALSE!!
*C. Renale *does NOT cause Zoonosis
(But C. Pseudotuberculosis does!)
Even though C. Renale is considered normal flora in the lower genital tract of cattle, it is not normal in the lower genital tract of
horses, dogs, and primates.
What does C. Renale cause in these animals?
**UTIs **
in
Horses, dogs, and primates
How is C. Renale
transmitted?
Venereal route
and in
contaminated urine
What are the major virulence factors for
C. Renale?
Pili and fimbriae on surface
UREASES = virulence
An acute or chronic ascending UTI caused by
C. Renale
in cows
Bovine Pyelonephritis
A necrotizing inflammation of the prepuce in castrated sheep or goats caused by
C. Renale
Ovine Posthitis (Pizzle Rot/ Sheath Rot)
What is the dietary risk factor that can cause
*C. Renale *induced Ovine Posthitis (Pizzle Rot)?
HIGH PROTEIN DIET is a risk factor for Ovine Posthitis
because it causes high alkaline urine and produces ammonia (urease)
which is thought to initiate the inflammatory process
What are the clinical signs of
*C. Renale *induced Ovine Posthitis?
Painful urination
Purulent exudate in urine
Scarring of preputial orafice (obstructive uremia)
You carry out a Christensen’s Urea Agar Slant
and notice that the diptheroid isolate
does an alkaline shift within
MINUTES of inoculation. What is the most likely pathogen?
C. Renale
alkaline shift in minutes
You take a sample of urine and test it.
The findings include:
- Proteinuria
- High alkalinity (pH 9.0)
- Pleiomorphic gram + diphteroid rods
What is the most likely pathogen?
C. Renale
