Test 1: Systemic Mycoses Flashcards
The agent of most systemic mycoses is
saprophytic fungi
Systemic mycoses
infection is usually by the
______
route
respiratory (inhalation)
T/F
Systemic mycoses is contagious
FALSE
systemic mycoses is NOT contagious
Most lesions caused by a systemic mycoses are
pyogranulamatous
What are the 5 fungi that can cause
systemic mycoses?
- Histoplasma capsulatum*
- Blastomyces dermatides*
- Paracoccidiodes brasilensis*
- Coccidiodes immitis*
- Penicillum marneffei*
Coccidiodes is a dimorphic fungi
with its *saprophytic phase *in _______
and its
parasitic phase in _______
Saprophytic phase in soil
Parastitic phase in tissue
Coccidiodomycosis
is caused by what 2
fungi species?
C. immitis
C. posadasii
*Coccidiodomycosis *
caused by
c. immitis and c. posadasii
are ONLY in the
_________ hemisphere
WESTERN
Which agent of coccidiodomycosis is found in
the central valley of Cali?
C. immitis
is in Cali
Which agent of coccidiodomycosis is found in
Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and S.A.?
c. posadasii
in the south
What is the MAIN infected animal of
coccidiodomycosis?
DOGS first
horses second
SOWgp is a virulent factor adhesin of what fungi?
coccidiodes
Soil with annual rainfall of 5-20 inches
and a mean summer temp of 80F
and winter temp of 45F
is the main reservoir of what fungi?
Coccidiodes
_________ of Coccidiodes
resist drying and tolerate heat better than any competing organism.
This has also been bioweaponized
ARTHROCONIDIAS
What is the main transmission method of Coccidiodes?
Inhalation of Arthroconidias
Pulmonary lesions and osteomyelitis in dogs
is characteristic of what fungal disseminated disease?
Coccidiodes
What kinds of dogs are more likely to be affected by
Coccidiodes
causing
pulmonary lesions and osteomyelitis?
**Male dogs **ages 4-7
Young boxers and doberman pinschers
Cattle, Sheep, and Swine exhibit what symptoms when infected by Coccidiodes?
IT’S A TRICK!
Cattle, Sheep, and Swine infected by
Coccidiodes are
ASYMPTOMATIC
**Coccidiodes immitis **
causes
*granulamatous inflammation *in
________ and _______
HORSES and ALPACAS
How do you do an immunodiagnosis of
Coccidiodes?
Complement fixation and immunodiffusion
_________ is used to treat Coccidiodes in humans, but toxicity is a concern
Amphotericin B
______ and ______ are used to treat
small animals
with Coccidiodes
and toxicity is NOT a concern
Ketoconazole and Itraconazole
Which 2 species cause
*Histoplasmosis *
in mammals?
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
and
Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii
Which variety of Histoplasma is found ONLY in Africa?
Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii
is ONLY in
AFRICA
Although Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is found worldwide,
where is its MAIN reservoir?
In the
Mississippi and Ohio River Watersheds
Which fungi is associated with
bird poop
and
bat guano?
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
Birds are mainly ______ carriers of
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
Birds are mainly
passive carriers
of
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
Which fungi is known to favor
ALKALINE environments?
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
favors alkalinity
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
transmission is mostly by
inhalation of ______ or ________
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
transmission by
inhalation of microconidias or hyphal fragments
Which fungi has an
effective cell mediated response that control the multiplication of yeast
in the lungs?
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
**Tuberculosis **is a differential diagnosis of early stage infection by
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
In DISSEMINATED disease caused by
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
**lymph nodes **and ________ organs are enlarged
and contain gross nodular lesions
parenchymatous
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
can cause disease in any animal, but it is most prevalent
in dogs ages _________
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
in DOGS ages
2-7
Disseminated diseases caused by this fungus are
invariably fatal
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
Micro and macroconidias are demonstrated using
lactophenol blue wet mounts
for which fungi?
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
Although *relapses *are common,
Itroconazole, Ketoconazole, and Amphotericin B
have been successful in treating
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
The parasitic phase of this yeast grown in culture at 37C
reproduces by
single buds attached by a broad base
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Blastomycosis
caused by
Blastomyces dermatitidis
is mainly seen where?
**in the eastern third of **
NORTH AMERICA
Blastomyces dermatitidis
mainly affects humans and dogs
and RARELY affects
______ and ______
Blastomyces dermatitidis
RARELY affects
cats and horses
_____ content in
Blastomyces
is HIGHER
than other fungi
LIPID content is HIGHER in
Blastomyces dermatitidis
The yeast phase of
Blastomyces dermatitidis
produces
Bad-1 (adhesin virulent factor)
which triggers what?
BAD-1
triggers
minimal respiratory burst
Which fungal disease is most progressive?
Histoplasmosis, Coccidiodomycosis, or Blastomycosis?
BLASTOMYCOSIS
is
most progessive
The most important organ involved in dissemination of
Blastomyces dermatitidis
is
SKIN
The nodular lesions of
Blastomyces dermatitidis
can be _______-like
tubercle-like lesions
Young male dogs of sporting breeds
are prone to infection by which fungi
because of the dog’s frequent exposure to this fungi in the environment?
Male sporting breed dogs prone to
Blastomyces dermatitidis
A hunting dog is seen with a pulmonary infection and draining cutaneous lesions. What is this most likely caused by?
Blastomyces dermatitidis
What treatment is used for infection by
Blastomyces dermatitidis?
Itraconazole, Amphitericin B, or Ketoconazole