Test 1: Systemic Mycoses

Question 1

The agent of most systemic mycoses is

Answer 1

saprophytic fungi

Question 2

Systemic mycoses

infection is usually by the

______

route

Answer 2

respiratory (inhalation)

Question 3

T/F

Systemic mycoses is contagious

Answer 3

FALSE

systemic mycoses is NOT contagious

Question 4

Most lesions caused by a systemic mycoses are

Answer 4

pyogranulamatous

Question 5

What are the 5 fungi that can cause

systemic mycoses?

Answer 5

• Histoplasma capsulatum*
• Blastomyces dermatides*
• Paracoccidiodes brasilensis*
• Coccidiodes immitis*
• Penicillum marneffei*

Question 6

Coccidiodes is a dimorphic fungi

with its *saprophytic phase *in _______

and its

parasitic phase in _______

Answer 6

Saprophytic phase in soil

Parastitic phase in tissue

Question 7

Coccidiodomycosis

is caused by what 2

fungi species?

Answer 7

C. immitis

C. posadasii

Question 8

*Coccidiodomycosis *

caused by

c. immitis and c. posadasii

are ONLY in the

_________ hemisphere

Answer 8

WESTERN

Question 9

Which agent of coccidiodomycosis is found in

the central valley of Cali?

Answer 9

C. immitis

is in Cali

Question 10

Which agent of coccidiodomycosis is found in

Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and S.A.?

Answer 10

c. posadasii

in the south

Question 11

What is the MAIN infected animal of

coccidiodomycosis?

Answer 11

DOGS first

horses second

Question 12

SOWgp is a virulent factor adhesin of what fungi?

Answer 12

coccidiodes

Question 13

Soil with annual rainfall of 5-20 inches

and a mean summer temp of 80F

and winter temp of 45F

is the main reservoir of what fungi?

Answer 13

Coccidiodes

Question 14

_________ of Coccidiodes

resist drying and tolerate heat better than any competing organism.

This has also been bioweaponized

Answer 14

ARTHROCONIDIAS

Question 15

What is the main transmission method of Coccidiodes?

Answer 15

Inhalation of Arthroconidias

Question 16

Pulmonary lesions and osteomyelitis in dogs

is characteristic of what fungal disseminated disease?

Answer 16

Coccidiodes

Question 17

What kinds of dogs are more likely to be affected by

Coccidiodes

causing

pulmonary lesions and osteomyelitis?

Answer 17

**Male dogs **ages 4-7

Young boxers and doberman pinschers

Question 18

Cattle, Sheep, and Swine exhibit what symptoms when infected by Coccidiodes?

Answer 18

IT’S A TRICK!

Cattle, Sheep, and Swine infected by

Coccidiodes are

ASYMPTOMATIC

Question 19

**Coccidiodes immitis **

causes

*granulamatous inflammation *in

________ and _______

Answer 19

HORSES and ALPACAS

Question 20

How do you do an immunodiagnosis of

Coccidiodes?

Answer 20

Complement fixation and immunodiffusion

Question 21

_________ is used to treat Coccidiodes in humans, but toxicity is a concern

Answer 21

Amphotericin B

Question 22

______ and ______ are used to treat

small animals

with Coccidiodes

and toxicity is NOT a concern

Answer 22

Ketoconazole and Itraconazole

Question 23

Which 2 species cause

*Histoplasmosis *

in mammals?

Answer 23

Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum

and

​Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii

Question 24

Which variety of ​Histoplasma is found ONLY in Africa?

Answer 24

​Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii

is ONLY in

AFRICA

Question 25

Although *​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum* is found worldwide, where is its MAIN reservoir?

Answer 25

In the ## Footnote **Mississippi and Ohio River Watersheds**

Question 26

Which fungi is associated with **bird poop** and **bat guano**?

Answer 26

​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum

Question 27

**Birds** are mainly ______ carriers of ## Footnote *​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum*

Answer 27

**Birds are mainly** ***_passive carriers_*** of *​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum*

Question 28

Which fungi is known to favor **ALKALINE environments**?

Answer 28

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum* favors **alkalinity**

Question 29

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum* transmission is mostly by **inhalation of ______ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**

Answer 29

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum* transmission by **inhalation of _microconidias_ or _hyphal fragments_**

Question 30

Which fungi has an **effective cell mediated response that control the multiplication of yeast** in the lungs?

Answer 30

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum*

Question 31

**Tuberculosis **is a differential diagnosis of early stage infection by

Answer 31

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum*

Question 32

In DISSEMINATED disease caused by *​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum* **lymph nodes **and ________ organs are enlarged and contain gross nodular lesions

Answer 32

parenchymatous

Question 33

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum* can cause disease in any animal, but it is **most prevalent** in **dogs** ages \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 33

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum* in DOGS ages **2-7**

Question 34

**Disseminated diseases** caused by this fungus are ## Footnote ***invariably fatal***

Answer 34

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum*

Question 35

Micro and macroconidias are demonstrated using **lactophenol blue wet mounts** for which fungi?

Answer 35

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum*

Question 36

Although *relapses *are common, Itroconazole, Ketoconazole, and Amphotericin B have been successful in treating

Answer 36

*​Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum*

Question 37

The parasitic phase of this yeast grown in culture at **37C** reproduces by **single buds attached by a broad base**

Answer 37

*Blastomyces dermatitidis*

Question 38

**Blastomycosis** caused by *Blastomyces dermatitidis* is mainly seen where?

Answer 38

**in the eastern third of ** **NORTH AMERICA**

Question 39

*Blastomyces dermatitidis* mainly affects **humans and dogs** and RARELY affects \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 39

*Blastomyces dermatitidis* RARELY affects _cats_ and _horses_

Question 40

\_\_\_\_\_ content in *Blastomyces* is HIGHER than other fungi

Answer 40

**_LIPID_** content is HIGHER in ## Footnote *Blastomyces dermatitidis*

Question 41

The yeast phase of *Blastomyces dermatitidis* produces ***_Bad-1_*** (adhesin virulent factor) which triggers what?

Answer 41

BAD-1 triggers ***minimal respiratory burst***

Question 42

Which fungal disease is **most progressive**? *Histoplasmosis, Coccidiodomycosis, or Blastomycosis*?

Answer 42

*BLASTOMYCOSIS* is **most progessive**

Question 43

The most important organ involved in dissemination of *Blastomyces dermatitidis* is

Answer 43

**SKIN**

Question 44

The nodular lesions of *Blastomyces dermatitidis* can be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_-like

Answer 44

**tubercle-like lesions**

Question 45

Young male dogs of sporting breeds are prone to infection by which fungi because of the dog's frequent exposure to this fungi in the environment?

Answer 45

Male sporting breed dogs prone to ## Footnote *Blastomyces dermatitidis*

Question 46

A hunting dog is seen with a pulmonary infection and draining cutaneous lesions. What is this most likely caused by?

Answer 46

*Blastomyces dermatitidis*

Question 47

What treatment is used for infection by *Blastomyces dermatitidis*?

Answer 47

Itraconazole, Amphitericin B, or Ketoconazole