Test 1: Subcutaneous Mycoses Flashcards
Subcutaneous mycoses can effect which 4 areas of the body?
Deep layers of skin
Muscle
Bone
Connective Tissues
Subcutaneous mycoses infections are
______ and _______ in nature
SubQ mycoses infections are
chronic and insidious in nature
Sporotrichosis is caused by
________ ________
Sporothrix schenckii
Sporothrix schenckii
causes sporotrichosis in which 4 animals?
Humans
Horses
Dogs
Cats
Which subcutaneous mycoses associated pathogen causes
*epizootic lymphagitis *in equines
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
Which agents cause oomycosis
which is the cause of a variety of diseases in
*fish *and mammals?
- Aphanomyces*
- Lagenidium*
- Pythium*
- Saprolegnia*
Sporothrix schenckii
is a
saprophytic ____ fungi
saprophytic dimorphic fungi
T/F
Sporotrichosis is a common disease that manifests as
chronic, ulcerative lymphangitis
of the skin and subcutis
FALSE
Sporotrichosis is a RARE disease
Systemic diseases
caused by Sporothrix schenkii
occur frequently in which non-human mammalian species?
Sporothrix schenkii causes systemic disease commonly in
cats
The following virulence factors are associated with which subcutaneous mycoses causing pathogen?
- Adhesins and Proteases*
- Chitin, Ergosterol, Lipids, Melanin, Peptide-rhamnomannan, sialic acids (cell wall factors)*
Sporothrix schenckii
What is the main reservoir for Sporothrix schenckii?
Plant Material and Soil
Worldwide
Occasionally, this subcutaneous mycoses causing pathogen is
isolated from the *mucous membranes *
of normal animals
Sporothrix schenckii
Sporothrix schenckii
is usually transmitted through skin contact afflicted by trauma
but can occasionally be transmitted through
__________ or _________
inhalation or ingestion
**Exudates **can present high numbers of Sporothrix schenckii
in which species?
CATS
Lesions caused by Sporothrix schenckii
are
_______________
pyogranulatamous
Pyogranulatamous lesions have prululent centers
surrounded by
what 4 types of cells?
Epitheliod cells
Giant cells
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
In the last step of pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii
dissemination can occurs to the
viscera, joints, and CNS
in which species?
CATS
Direct examination of lesions of Sporothrix schenckii
is often unrewardings except in
________
which contain
abundant yeast cells
CATS
Because direct examination of exudates is unrewarding when dealing with Sporothrix schenckii
exudates from animals other than cats
should be examined using
immunofluorescence
Because Sporothrix schenckii
is a dimorphic fungi, it grows as mold at room temp and like yeast at 37C.
What does it look like at room temp?
What do you see at 37C?
At room temp- branching septate hyphae and pyriform microconidia
At 37C- budding and pleiomorphic, cigar shaped
**Cutaneous forms **of *Sporothrix schenckii *is treated using
Inorganic iodides
Disseminated form of Sporothrix schenckii
is treated using
Itraconazole
Amphotericin B
Flucytosine
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
is a _________ fungi
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
is a dimorphic fungi
**Epizootic lymphangitis **
is also known as
Pseudoglanders
Epizootic lymphangitis (pseudoglanders)
is caused by
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
which causes chronic pyogranulatomas diseases in equines
is **endemic **to which regions?
Africa
Asia
and
Mediterranean Littoral
Histologically, the pathogenesis of this fungi
evolves from suppurative to granulatomous
and eventually leads to fibrosis
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
Skin lesions caused by
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
occur mainly in what areas
on the equine?
Head, neck, and limbs
African Horse Farcy
is caused by
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
Sporotrichosis and
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
are differentials for which
fungal pathogen?
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
Treatment of animals infected with
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
include
intravenous _______
and
Amphotericin B
Intravenous IODIDES
and
Amphotericin B
treat
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
Destruction of animals infected with
this fungal pathogen
is commonplace when the animal is located in
non-endemic regions
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
Agents that cause oomycosis
belong to Kingdom _________
and are NOT fungi
Kingdom Stramenopiles
cause
oomycosis
T/F
Fungi is responsible for causing oomycosis
FALSE
oomycosis is caused
by members of the Kingdom Stramenopiles
Oomycosis is caused by
______ ______
usually found in water
saprophytic microbes
_______ is an agent of oomycosis
that causes pyogranulamatous diseases
in a variety of animals
Pythium
is an agent of oomycosis
that causes
pyogranulamatous disease
________
an agent of oomycosis
can only cause
pyogranulamatous disease in
dogs and cats ONLY
Lagenidium
causes
pyogranulamatous disease
in ONLY
DOGS AND CATS
Oomycosis caused by
_________ is clinically the same as
oomycosis caused by
___________
Oomycosis caused by
Pythium and Lagenidium
are
CLINICALLY THE SAME
except Lagenidium is only in cats and dogs
This agent of oomycosis
causes
ulcerative disease
in
FISH and CRUSTACEANS
Aphanomyces
causes ulcerative disease
in
fish and crustaceans
This oomycosis-causing microorganism
is responsible for causing
systemic disease
in
FISH
Saprolegnia
causes
systemic disease
in
FISH
“Swamp cancer”
and
“Florida Horse Leeches”
are another name for
Cutaneous Pythiosis
**Cutaneous pythiosis **(Swamp Cancer or Florida Horse Leeches)
is caused by what microorganism of the Kingdom Stramenopiles?
Pythium insidiosum
Pythium insidiosum
causes
ulcerative pyogranulatomous
or
fibrogranulatomous
skin infections in which species?
horses and dogs mainly
also in cattle and cats
While pythium insidiosis
causes bloody lesions in dogs,
it manifests as what in cats?
pythium insidiosis
manifests as
tumor-like masses
in cats
Sparsely separated hyphae
are characteristic of what
disease in horses?
pythium insidiosis
Cutaneous pythiosis
What are
“kunkers” or “leeches”
Granulamatous coagula
on horses consisting of
necrotic macrophages, giant cells, epitheloid cells
caused by
pythium insidiosis
If detected early enough
Cutaneous pythiosis in horses
can be treating using this antifungal drug
Amphotericin B
*Chromobastomycosis *and Phaeohypomycosis
are caused by
______-pigmented fungi
Chromobastomycosis and Phaeohypomycosis
caused by
Dark-pigmented (Dematiaceous) fungi
Large, pigmented sclerotic bodies are present
in this ailment
that rarely affects non-human mammals
and mostly affects
frogs and toads
**Chromobastomycosis **
frogs and toads
In this ailment, sporadically present in cats and dogs,
hyphae are present
and
CNS involvement is common
Phaeohypomycosis
Chromobastomycosis and Phaeohypomycosis
cause pyogranulamatous reactions
but NO
_______ _______
or granules are seen
tissue colonies
What stain is used to diagnose
Chromobastomycosis and Phaeohypomycosis?
Masson-Fontana silver stain
used to demonstrate melanin
in
Chromobastomycosis and Phaeohypomycosis
If you see
Fast growing colonies that are suede-like to downy
and
brown to blackish-brown with a black reverse
what microorganism are you growing in culture?
Curvalaria
The cutaneous form of this is reported in
cattle, horses, dogs and cats
and is nodular and associated with
nasal lesions
and discharging sinus tracts
**Mycetomas **
*Pseudallescharia, Cochliobolus, *and Curvalaria
are fungi associated with what subcutaneous skin ailment?
Mycetomas
How do you treat Mycetomas?
EXCISION
because antifungals DO NOT WORK