Test 1: Subcutaneous Mycoses Flashcards by Preeti Gulve

Subcutaneous mycoses can effect which 4 areas of the body?

Deep layers of skin

Muscle

Bone

Connective Tissues

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Subcutaneous mycoses infections are

______ and _______ in nature

SubQ mycoses infections are

chronic and insidious in nature

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Sporotrichosis is caused by

________ ________

Sporothrix schenckii

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Sporothrix schenckii

causes sporotrichosis in which 4 animals?

Humans

Horses

Dogs

Cats

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Which subcutaneous mycoses associated pathogen causes

*epizootic lymphagitis *in equines

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

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Which agents cause oomycosis

which is the cause of a variety of diseases in

*fish *and mammals?

Aphanomyces*
Lagenidium*
Pythium*
Saprolegnia*

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Sporothrix schenckii

is a

saprophytic ____ fungi

saprophytic dimorphic fungi

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T/F

Sporotrichosis is a common disease that manifests as

chronic, ulcerative lymphangitis

of the skin and subcutis

FALSE

Sporotrichosis is a RARE disease

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Systemic diseases

caused by Sporothrix schenkii

occur frequently in which non-human mammalian species?

Sporothrix schenkii causes systemic disease commonly in

cats

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The following virulence factors are associated with which subcutaneous mycoses causing pathogen?

Adhesins and Proteases*
Chitin, Ergosterol, Lipids, Melanin, Peptide-rhamnomannan, sialic acids (cell wall factors)*

Sporothrix schenckii

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What is the main reservoir for Sporothrix schenckii?

Plant Material and Soil

Worldwide

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Occasionally, this subcutaneous mycoses causing pathogen is

isolated from the *mucous membranes *

of normal animals

Sporothrix schenckii

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Sporothrix schenckii

is usually transmitted through skin contact afflicted by trauma

but can occasionally be transmitted through

__________ or _________

inhalation or ingestion

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**Exudates **can present high numbers of Sporothrix schenckii

in which species?

CATS

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Lesions caused by Sporothrix schenckii

are

_______________

pyogranulatamous

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Pyogranulatamous lesions have prululent centers

surrounded by

what 4 types of cells?

Epitheliod cells

Giant cells

Lymphocytes

Plasma cells

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In the last step of pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenckii

dissemination can occurs to the

viscera, joints, and CNS

in which species?

CATS

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Direct examination of lesions of Sporothrix schenckii

is often unrewardings except in

________

which contain

abundant yeast cells

CATS

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Because direct examination of exudates is unrewarding when dealing with Sporothrix schenckii

exudates from animals other than cats

should be examined using

immunofluorescence

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Because Sporothrix schenckii

is a dimorphic fungi, it grows as mold at room temp and like yeast at 37C.

What does it look like at room temp?

What do you see at 37C?

At room temp- branching septate hyphae and pyriform microconidia

At 37C- budding and pleiomorphic, cigar shaped

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**Cutaneous forms **of *Sporothrix schenckii *is treated using

Inorganic iodides

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Disseminated form of Sporothrix schenckii

is treated using

Itraconazole

Amphotericin B

Flucytosine

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Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

is a _________ fungi

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

is a dimorphic fungi

**Epizootic lymphangitis **

is also known as

Pseudoglanders

**Epizootic lymphangitis (pseudoglanders)** is caused by

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum which causes chronic pyogranulatomas diseases in **equines** is **endemic **to which regions?

Africa Asia and Mediterranean Littoral

Histologically, the pathogenesis of this fungi **evolves from suppurative to granulatomous** and eventually leads to *fibrosis*

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

Skin lesions caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum occur mainly in what areas on the equine?

Head, neck, and limbs

African Horse Farcy is caused by

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

Sporotrichosis and *Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis* are differentials for which fungal pathogen?

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

Treatment of animals infected with Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum include **intravenous \_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and **Amphotericin B**

Intravenous _IODIDES_ and Amphotericin B treat Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

**Destruction of animals** infected with this fungal pathogen is commonplace when the animal is located in **non-endemic regions**

Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

Agents that cause **oomycosis** belong to Kingdom \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and are NOT fungi

Kingdom **_Stramenopiles_** cause **oomycosis**

T/F Fungi is responsible for causing **oomycosis**

FALSE **oomycosis** is caused by members of the Kingdom **Stramenopiles**

Oomycosis is caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ usually found in water

**saprophytic microbes**

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an agent of **oomycosis** that causes *pyogranulamatous diseases* in a variety of animals

***Pythium*** is an agent of oomycosis that causes *pyogranulamatous disease*

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ an agent of **oomycosis** can only cause *pyogranulamatous disease* in **dogs and cats ONLY**

***Lagenidium*** causes *pyogranulamatous disease* in ONLY DOGS AND CATS

**Oomycosis** caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is clinically the same as oomycosis caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Oomycosis caused by ***Pythium*** and ***Lagenidium*** are CLINICALLY THE SAME ^{except Lagenidium is only in cats and dogs}

This agent of oomycosis causes **ulcerative disease** in FISH and CRUSTACEANS

***Aphanomyces*** causes ulcerative disease in fish and crustaceans

This oomycosis-causing microorganism is responsible for causing **systemic disease** in FISH

***Saprolegnia*** causes **systemic disease** in FISH

"Swamp cancer" and "Florida Horse Leeches" are another name for

**Cutaneous Pythiosis**

**Cutaneous pythiosis **(Swamp Cancer or Florida Horse Leeches) is caused by what microorganism of the Kingdom Stramenopiles?

***Pythium insidiosum***

***Pythium insidiosum*** causes ulcerative pyogranulatomous or fibrogranulatomous skin infections in which species?

**horses and dogs mainly** ^{also in cattle and cats}

While ***pythium insidiosis*** causes bloody lesions in dogs, it manifests as what in **cats**?

pythium insidiosis manifests as **tumor-like masses** in **cats**

**Sparsely separated hyphae** are characteristic of what disease in horses?

*pythium insidiosis* **Cutaneous pythiosis**

What are **"kunkers"** or **"leeches"**

Granulamatous coagula on horses consisting of necrotic macrophages, giant cells, epitheloid cells caused by *pythium insidiosis*

If detected early enough **Cutaneous pythiosis** in horses can be treating using this antifungal drug

**Amphotericin B**

*Chromobastomycosis *and *Phaeohypomycosis* are caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_-pigmented fungi

Chromobastomycosis and Phaeohypomycosis caused by **Dark-pigmented (Dematiaceous) fungi**

_Large, pigmented sclerotic bodies_ are present in this ailment that rarely affects non-human mammals and mostly affects **frogs and toads**

**Chromobastomycosis ** frogs and toads

In this ailment, sporadically present in **cats and dogs**, _hyphae are present_ and *CNS involvement is common*

**Phaeohypomycosis**

Chromobastomycosis and Phaeohypomycosis cause *pyogranulamatous reactions* but NO \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or granules are seen

tissue colonies

What stain is used to diagnose Chromobastomycosis and Phaeohypomycosis?

**Masson-Fontana silver stain** used to demonstrate *melanin* in Chromobastomycosis and Phaeohypomycosis

If you see Fast growing colonies that are suede-like to downy and brown to blackish-brown with a black reverse what microorganism are you growing in culture?

**Curvalaria**

The cutaneous form of this is reported in cattle, horses, dogs and cats and is **nodular** and associated with **nasal lesions** and **discharging sinus tracts**

**Mycetomas **

*Pseudallescharia, Cochliobolus, *and *Curvalaria* are fungi associated with what subcutaneous skin ailment?

**Mycetomas**

How do you treat **Mycetomas**?

**EXCISION** because *antifungals DO NOT WORK*