Test 1 Study Guide

Question 1

any substance that alters normal bodily function, resulting in psychological or behavioral change

Answer 1

psychoactive drug

Question 2

use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts that prescribed

Answer 2

drug misuse

Question 3

use of substance in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug use causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring

Answer 3

drug abuse

Question 4

considered to be a complex brain disease that causes compulsive drug use, despite harmful consequences

Answer 4

substance dependence

Question 5

diminished effect of the drug after repeated use

Answer 5

tolerance

Question 6

symptoms occurring after stop of drug use

Answer 6

withdrawal

Question 7

defined by the occurrence of withdrawal

Answer 7

physical dependence

Question 8

characterized by high frequency of drug use, craving for drug, tendency to relapse

Answer 8

psychological dependence

Question 9

what are the factors that influence how a drug affects the body

Answer 9

drug, user, and biological factors

Question 10

what are the 4 types of drug induced toxicity

Answer 10

behavioral(intoxication+ personality changes), physiological(overdose+ heart disease, lung cancer)

Question 11

what are the 3 levels of the brain

Answer 11

the vegetative level, limbic system, neocortical level

Question 12

level with autonomic response

Answer 12

the vegetative level

Question 13

level with emotional thought processing

Answer 13

limbic system

Question 14

level with human consciousness

Answer 14

neocortical level

Question 15

axon terminal containing synaptic vesicles

Answer 15

presynaptic neuron

Question 16

neurotransmitter receptor region on membrane

Answer 16

post synaptic neuron

Question 17

gap between pre and post synaptic cells

Answer 17

synaptic cleft

Question 18

reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a transporter of an axon terminal of pre synaptic neuron

Answer 18

reuptake

Question 19

provide firmness and structures to the brain

Answer 19

glial cells

Question 20

chemical substance released by a transmitting neuron at the synapse and that alters the activity of a receiving neuron

Answer 20

neurotransmitters

Question 21

neurotransmitter for reward, motivation, motor control. Located in the vegetative level and projects upward into the brain

Answer 21

dopamine

Question 22

neurotransmitter for memory, relaxation, muscle activation. located in the vegetative and limbic level. Projects upward into the brain and downward into spinal cord

Answer 22

acetylcholine

Question 23

neurotransmitter for mood, memory, cognition, and sleep, located in vegetative level and projects upward and downwards

Answer 23

serotonin

Question 24

neurotransmitter that makes you aroused, alert, attentive. Located in the vegetative level and projects upward and downwards

Answer 24

norepinephrine

Question 25

neurotransmitter that reduces stress and relieves pain. Found in several places in the brain

Answer 25

endorphin

Question 26

neurotransmitter that makes you feel alert, awake, helps learning and memory, found throughout brain and major excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 26

glutamate

Question 27

major inhibitory neurotransmitter found throughout the brain

Answer 27

GABA

Question 28

What is the life cycle of a neurotransmitter?

Answer 28

1. Synthesis+ storage
   2.release
2. Binding
3. Metabolism/reuptake

Question 29

stage of life cycle of neurotransmitter where neurotransmitters are stored in small vesicles

Answer 29

synthesis and storage

Question 30

stage of life cycle when the action potential arrives, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse

Answer 30

release

Question 31

life cycle stage where released neurotransmitters bind with receptors on the membrane of postsynaptic neuron

Answer 31

binding

Question 32

life cycle stage where once a signal has been sent, neurotransmitters are removed from the synapse; may return or be metabolized

Answer 32

metabolism/reuptake

Question 33

depend on presence of chemical at certain concentrations in target tissue

Answer 33

specific effects

Question 34

effects derived from user’s unique background, expectations, experiences, perceptions and environments

Answer 34

nonspecific effects

Question 35

relationship between amount of drug taken and intensity of effect

Answer 35

dose response function

Question 36

the dose of drug the produces the desired effect in some percentage of the test subjects

Answer 36

effective dose

Question 37

the dose of a drug that has a lethal effect in some percentage of the test subjects

Answer 37

lethal dose

Question 38

lethal dose divided by effective dose

Answer 38

therapeutic index

Question 39

time course of a drug factors

Answer 39

1. different routes of drug administration
2. how it is absorbed
3. how it is eliminated

Question 40

3 mechanisms of tolerance and withdrawal

Answer 40

-drug disposition
-behavioral tolerance
-pharmacodynamic tolerance

Question 41

when the body’s cell detects presence of a foreign drug and triggers production of a more specific metabolizing enzyme

Answer 41

enzyme indjuction