Test 1 Study Guide Flashcards
any substance that alters normal bodily function, resulting in psychological or behavioral change
psychoactive drug
use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts that prescribed
drug misuse
use of substance in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug use causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring
drug abuse
considered to be a complex brain disease that causes compulsive drug use, despite harmful consequences
substance dependence
diminished effect of the drug after repeated use
tolerance
symptoms occurring after stop of drug use
withdrawal
defined by the occurrence of withdrawal
physical dependence
characterized by high frequency of drug use, craving for drug, tendency to relapse
psychological dependence
what are the factors that influence how a drug affects the body
drug, user, and biological factors
what are the 4 types of drug induced toxicity
behavioral(intoxication+ personality changes), physiological(overdose+ heart disease, lung cancer)
what are the 3 levels of the brain
the vegetative level, limbic system, neocortical level
level with autonomic response
the vegetative level
level with emotional thought processing
limbic system
level with human consciousness
neocortical level
axon terminal containing synaptic vesicles
presynaptic neuron
neurotransmitter receptor region on membrane
post synaptic neuron
gap between pre and post synaptic cells
synaptic cleft
reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a transporter of an axon terminal of pre synaptic neuron
reuptake
provide firmness and structures to the brain
glial cells
chemical substance released by a transmitting neuron at the synapse and that alters the activity of a receiving neuron
neurotransmitters
neurotransmitter for reward, motivation, motor control. Located in the vegetative level and projects upward into the brain
dopamine
neurotransmitter for memory, relaxation, muscle activation. located in the vegetative and limbic level. Projects upward into the brain and downward into spinal cord
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter for mood, memory, cognition, and sleep, located in vegetative level and projects upward and downwards
serotonin
neurotransmitter that makes you aroused, alert, attentive. Located in the vegetative level and projects upward and downwards
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter that reduces stress and relieves pain. Found in several places in the brain
endorphin
neurotransmitter that makes you feel alert, awake, helps learning and memory, found throughout brain and major excitatory neurotransmitter
glutamate
major inhibitory neurotransmitter found throughout the brain
GABA
What is the life cycle of a neurotransmitter?
- Synthesis+ storage
2.release - Binding
- Metabolism/reuptake
stage of life cycle of neurotransmitter where neurotransmitters are stored in small vesicles
synthesis and storage
stage of life cycle when the action potential arrives, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse
release
life cycle stage where released neurotransmitters bind with receptors on the membrane of postsynaptic neuron
binding
life cycle stage where once a signal has been sent, neurotransmitters are removed from the synapse; may return or be metabolized
metabolism/reuptake
depend on presence of chemical at certain concentrations in target tissue
specific effects
effects derived from user’s unique background, expectations, experiences, perceptions and environments
nonspecific effects
relationship between amount of drug taken and intensity of effect
dose response function
the dose of drug the produces the desired effect in some percentage of the test subjects
effective dose
the dose of a drug that has a lethal effect in some percentage of the test subjects
lethal dose
lethal dose divided by effective dose
therapeutic index
time course of a drug factors
- different routes of drug administration
- how it is absorbed
- how it is eliminated
3 mechanisms of tolerance and withdrawal
-drug disposition
-behavioral tolerance
-pharmacodynamic tolerance
when the body’s cell detects presence of a foreign drug and triggers production of a more specific metabolizing enzyme
enzyme indjuction
