Chapter 9

Question 1

production of alcohol from sugars through the actions of yeast

Answer 1

fermentation

Question 2

evaporation and condensing of alcohol vapors to produce beverages with a higher alcohol content

Answer 2

distillation

Question 3

measure of a beverages alcohol content

Answer 3

proof

Question 4

other alcohols and oils contained in alcoholic beverages

Answer 4

congeners

Question 5

idea that people should drink beer or wine in moderation but no hard liqour

Answer 5

temperance

Question 6

laws prohibiting all sales of alcoholic beverages in the united states from 1920 to 1933

Answer 6

prohibition

Question 7

chronic mental impairments produced by heavy alcohol use over a long period of time

Answer 7

Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

Question 8

irreversible, frequently deadly liver disorder associated with heavy alcohol use

Answer 8

cirrhosis

Question 9

early treatment stage in which the body eliminates the alcohol or other substances

Answer 9

detoxification

Question 10

alcohol withdrawal syndrome that includes hallucinations and tremors

Answer 10

delirium tremens

Question 11

standard drink

Answer 11

.5oz/14 gm of pure alcohol

Question 12

How is alcohol absorbed?

Answer 12

20% by stomach,75% in the upper small intestines, remaining along the GI tract

Question 13

factors that affect alcohol absorption

Answer 13

food in stomach, carbonation, artificial sweetners

Question 14

where is the main site of alcohol metabolism?

Answer 14

the liver

Question 15

pathway of alcohol metabolism

Answer 15

mostly the liver, then the stomach, the rest by urine, skin, and breath

Question 16

legal limit for BAC

Answer 16

.08% for 21 and above, .01 to .02 for under 21

Question 17

factors determining BAC

Answer 17

body weight and fat, gender, drinking behaviors, etc

Question 18

mechanism of action on brain for alcohol

Answer 18

enhances GABA and GABA-A receptor

Question 19

immediate effects of alcohol with low concentration

Answer 19

appetite enhancement, euphoria, reduced anxiety

Question 20

immediate effects of alcohol with high concentration

Answer 20

.3% and higher can be fatal, peripheral circulation, hangover, blackout

Question 21

effects of chronic use of alcohol

Answer 21

pancreas inflammation, alters liver function, hypertension

Question 22

effects of alcohol use during pregnancy

Answer 22

fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder

Question 23

includes more extensive problems like tolerance and withdrawal

Answer 23

alcohol dependence

Question 24

inhibits metabolic breakdown

Answer 24

disulfiram

Question 25

reduces craving for alcohol and decreases its pleasant effects

Answer 25

naltrexeone

Question 26

acts on brain pathways related to alcohol abuse

Answer 26

acamprostate