Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

name of a compound that gives a complete chemical description of the molecule

Answer 1

chemical names

Question 2

official names of drugs and are listed in the united states

Answer 2

generic names

Question 3

name of drug specifies particular formulation and manufacturer

Answer 3

brand names

Question 4

drug that produces wakefulness and a sense of energy and well being

Answer 4

stimulants

Question 5

drug that depresses inhibitory parts of the brain

Answer 5

depressants

Question 6

group of analgesic drugs that produce a relaxed, dreamlike state

Answer 6

opioids

Question 7

chemical that alters your perceptions, including unusual visual sensation

Answer 7

hallucinogens/psychedelics

Question 8

drug prescribed by psychiatrists and other physicians for the control of mental problems

Answer 8

psychotherapeutic

Question 9

depends on the presence of the chemical at certain concentrations in the the target tissue

Answer 9

specific effects

Question 10

derived from user’s unique background, expectations, experiences, perceptions, and environments

Answer 10

nonspecific effects

Question 11

produced by an inactive chemical that the user believes to be a drug

Answer 11

placebo effects

Question 12

the person prescribing and the person taking the medication are both blinded

Answer 12

double-blind procedure

Question 13

relationship between amount of drug taken and intensity of the effect

Answer 13

dose response function

Question 14

the minimum dose at which an effect is observed

Answer 14

threshold

Question 15

the dose of a drug that produces an effect in some percentage of the test subjects

Answer 15

effective dose

Question 16

the dose of a drug that has a lethal effect in some percentage of the test subjects

Answer 16

lethal dose

Question 17

lethal dose divided by effective dose

Answer 17

therapeutic index

Question 17

unintended drug effects that accompany the desired therapeutic effect

Answer 17

side effects

Question 17

how the drug is administered

Answer 17

routes of administration

Question 17

the range between acceptable level of effectiveness and the lowest toxic dose

Answer 17

safety margin

Question 17

amount of drug that must be given to obtain a particular response

Answer 17

potency

Question 18

absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is the most complicated way to enter the bloodstream

Answer 18

oral administration

Question 19

drug administered by sniffing or snorting through the nose

Answer 19

insufflation

Question 20

drug administered directly into the bloodstream

Answer 20

intravenous injection

Question 21

injection just underneath the skin, slow and sustained aborption

Answer 21

subcutaneous

Question 22

injection directly into your muscle, more rapid absorption

Answer 22

intramuscular

Question 23

fastest way to reach the brain, not the most effective

Answer 23

inhalation

Question 24

a barrier between the blood and the fluid that surrounds neurons

Answer 24

blood brain barrier

Question 25

tendency of a chemical to dissolve in oils or fats, as opposed to in water

Answer 25

lipid solubility

Question 26

drug that produces different types of effects primarily because each type interacts in a different way in the brain

Answer 26

psychoactive drug

Question 27

the byproduct of the drug metabolism

Answer 27

metabolite

Question 28

when the body’s cells detect the presence of a foreign drug

Answer 28

enzyme induction

Question 29

use of the drug increases the drug’s rate of metabolism or excretion

Answer 29

drug disposition tolerance

Question 30

when the use of a drug interferes with normal behavior functions

Answer 30

behavioral tolerance