Test 1 - Chapter 3 - Theories of Personality Development (Theory PPT also) Flashcards
Erikson’s theory of development (a psychosocial theory)
Infants, age birth to 1 year old
Trust vs mistrust
Baby learns to trust people if it cries and someone comes running to take care of it.
If no one comes when the baby cries, the baby has no hope and develops mistrust for others.
Erikson’s theory of development
Toddler, age 1 - 3
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Remember the child begins to walk around this age and find autonomy in his/her ability to leave mom and dad.
If parents do not allow the child to be autonomous, they instill shame and doubt. The child is shamed and doubts they are good enough to be independent (autonomous)
Erikson’s theory of development
childhood/early school/preschool/daycare, age 3-6
Initiative vs guilt
Daycare and preschool age…
Initiative is the ability to assess and initiate things independently. Kids at this age ask a lot of questions. They frequently say “let me do it!”
If they are not allowed to and are shut down when asking questions, they feel guilt as though they are annoying others by being curious.
Erikson’s theory of development
School, age 6-12
Industry (hard work) vs Inferiority
Industry in this case means hard work. Students in this age group will put in hard work to gain approval of teachers and peers.
If they do not gain approval they will feel inferior or less than.
Erikson’s theory of development
age 12-20, puberty - graduation/middle school through starting college
Identity vs Role Confusion
From age 12 - 20 we usually change our hair, our clothing style numerous times. Our bodies change a lot during this time. We are trying to form an identity.
If the person does not find their identity and where they fit in, they will experience role confusion.
Erikson’s theory of development
20-30, young adulthood
Intimacy vs isolation
People in this age group are usually looking to form intimate relationships with other. If they do not find themselves in a satisfying relationship, they will feel isolated.
Erikson’s theory of development
30-65 Middle adulthood, working years
Generativity vs stagnation
During this age, we are working. We are raising future generations. We are either giving back to generation through work or through raising children. I
If we fail to generate productively for future generations, we are unproductive or stagnant.
Erikson’s theory of development
65- death, retired
Integrity vs despair
Integrity means the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness; the state of being whole and undivided. Can one look back and feel whole? DId one do their best to leave behind something they can be proud of?
If not, the person will feel despair.
According to Freud:
The ___ is present at birth and it drives us to seek immediate gratification. It is impulsive and irrational.
Id
Id is impulse deriven to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.
“Those behaviors that follow the principles of “if it feels good, do it.”
“I found this wallet and will keep the money “ is an example of id, ego or superego?
id
Mom and dad are gone, LET’S PARTAY!!! is an example of id, ego or superego?
id
“I will have sex with whoever I please, whenever I please.” is an example of id, ego or superego?
id
According to Freud:
The ____, also called the rational self, serves as the mediator; that is, to maintain harmony among the external world, the id, and the super ego.
Ego
Ego serves to delay immediate impulse gratification, bringing reality into consideration. Rationalizes before deciding.
Reflect the rational part of the personality. An effort is made to delay gratification. Ego uses defense mechanisms to cope and regain control over impulses.
I already have money, and the person who lost this wallet might be broke” is an example of id, ego or supergo?
ego (middle road)
“Mom and dad said no friends over while they are away…too risky” is an example of id, ego or superego?
ego
According to Freud:
The ______ inhibits impulses that are deemed wrong, and it sometimes called the conscience. It assists in the control of id impulses.
Superego
Behaviors are uncompromsing and rigid, based on morals and society. Strives for perfection.
“It is never right to take something that doesn’t belong to you” is an example of…
superego
“Never disobey your parents” is an example of …
superego
Notice both superego examples do not battle between right and wrong or bad and good, it goes for the “highest viewpoint” right away without question. Moral high ground.
Freud classified the mind into three groups which are ?
conscious - all memories that remain within the individual’s awareness. SMALLEST part (tip of the iceberg) Ex: phone numbers, birthdays, holidays, etc.
preconscious - forgotten memories; suppressed memories.
unconscious - unpleasant or nonessential memories. Repressed. Biggest amount of the iceberg, below surface.
Stages in Freud’s personality development are?
OAPLG
Oral - oral gratification relieves anxiety (smoking, chewing nails, sucking bottle, etc)
Anal - learning independence and control (control your anus…freud is whack. I didn’t realize I got my personality from not shitting) (1.5-3) Adults are anal retentive and controlling.
Phallic - Id with parent of same gender. Develops sexual identity. Kid gets crush on their parent. (3-6)
Latency - sexually repressed. The sexual identity you just develops becomes latent. Prefer to build relationships with same sex - friends. (6-12)
Genital - libido reawakened. Independence from parents, find a mate (13-20)
T or F: Cathexis means to dwell on a person, idea or object in an attempt to achieve gratification.
True. Alcohol is an example. Person dwells on it, non stop and instinctively drinks. Id impulse.
T or F: anticathexis is the use of energy by the ego and superego to control the id.
True
An imbalance between cathexis and anticathexis per Freud was the cause of internal conflict
What is the only upside to defense mechanisms?
Reduces anxiety
Freud is what type of theory?
psychoanalytic
There is no cognitive thinking part of the person in his theory. He felt it was all instinctual and impulsive….