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Mental Health > Ch. 22 Neurocognitive Disorders > Flashcards

Ch. 22 Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A ______ is characterized by disturbance in attention and awareness and a change in cognition that develop rapidly over a short period of time.

A

delirium

includes delirium, dementia and amnestic disorders

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2
Q

common defense mechanism used by people with neurocognitive disorders (delirium)?

A
  1. Denial
  2. confabulation
  3. Perseveration
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3
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

A. progressive
B. Acute rapid onset

A 
A = dementia
B = delerium

Dementia is caused by deterioration in the brain.
Delerium can be brought on by illness or intoxication/withdrawal which happens very quickly

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4
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

Profound loss and/or impairment in intelligence

A

Dementia

This is the hallmark sign!

Dementia patients can start out as phD scholars but eventually forget how to use utensils…how to talk…etc.

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5
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

Attention waxes and wanes (increase and decrease)

A

Delirium

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6
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

short lived, reversible

A

Delirium

dementia is IRREVERSIBLE

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7
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

sundowning

A

dementia

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8
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

wandering

A

dementia

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9
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

unstable vital signs

A

delerium - remember it comes on quick and is usually caused by illness, wd or intox which all change vital signs!

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10
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

Personality change is gradual

A

Dementia

gradual progression - gradual change

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11
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

A. LOC is unchanged
B. LOC fluctuates (wake–>sleep–>wake)

A

A. dementia

B. delirium

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12
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

stable attention

A

dementia

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13
Q

Delirium or Dementia?

A. Organic cause
B. Medical cause

A

A. Dementia

B. Delerium

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14
Q

what is aphasia?

A

loss of language

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15
Q

what is anomia?

A

decreased ability to remember words

A - means not
Nom - name

can’t name things, can’t find words

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16
Q

What is agraphia?

A

inability to express in writing (graphite pencil)

17
Q

what is alexia?

A

inability to understand written language (dyslexia reads it scrambled, alexia can’t read it at all).

18
Q

What is apraxia?

A

loss of motor ability

19
Q

what is agnosia?

A

loss of ability to recognize objects

agNOsia - NO telling what they SIa

20
Q

Which goes first short term or long term memory in alzheimers?

A

short term

Typically, where did I put that? Someone must’ve stolen it or is playing games with me!

But won’t forget family.

21
Q

What is a good activity for demented client?

A

Reminiscing - look at old pictures of family, discuss them.

22
Q

What happens in the first stage of alzheimer’s?

A

no apparent symptoms

23
Q

What happens in the 2nd stage of alzheimer’s?

A

Forgetfulness

  • Person is aware they are beginning to forget things.
  • may feel embarrassed, anxious or ashamed
24
Q

What happens in the 3rd stage of alzheimer’s?

A

Mild Cognitive Decline.

Executive functioning starts to go…interferes with work (can’t plan or organize). Gets lost.

25
Q

What happens in the 4th stage of alzheimer’s?

A

Mild-Moderate Cognitive Decline-Confusion

  1. withdrawal
  2. confabulation
  3. Forget personal history
26
Q

What happens in the 5th stage of alzheimer’s?

A

Moderate Cognitive Decline-Early Dementia

  1. cannot perform ADLs
  2. forgets phone #, address, relatives names
  3. Disorientation/Frustration
27
Q

What happens in the 6th stage of alzheimer’s?

A

Moderate-Severe Cognitive Decline - Middle dementia

  1. wandering/elopement
  2. sundowning
  3. obesessiveness
  4. LOSS OF LANGUAGE
  5. forgets life and spouse
  6. incontinence
28
Q

What happens in the 7th stage of alzheimer’s?

A

severe cognitive decline - late dementia

  1. immobility
  2. contractures
  3. aphasic
29
Q

What is the cause of Alzheimer’s (a neurocognitive D/O)?

A

reduction in ACh (possibly due to destroyed neurons)

possibly genetic

30
Q

What are the symptoms? (Alzheimer’s A’s)

A 
Aphasia
Anomia
Agraphia
Alexia
Apraxia
Agnosia
31
Q

What causes Parkinson’s?

A

decreased DA
imbalance between DA and ACh

loss of nerve cells

32
Q

What are the components of the MMSE?

A
  1. Orientation (date, day, month, year)

2.

33
Q

Does pseudodementia gets worse or better as the day progresses?

A

better

34
Q

see table 22-1 ch 22 page 345

A

for NCD vs Pseudodementia slide

35
Q

Pseudodementia (depression) or dementia?

Patient complains about the memory loss

A

pseudo

Demented clients are usually brought in by family cuz they are not aware

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