test 1 Flashcards
4 ethical principles
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Justice
Growth
physical size and quantitative
changes
Development
capabilities or functions
Cephalocaudal
head to tail
Proximodistal
center to distant parts
freud-4
id-sex energy (pleasure) at birth
ego- realistic
superego- moral and ethical
-oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
erikson-5
trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion
piaget
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Developmental periods-Definitions-6
Newborn (0 to 1 month old) Infant (1 to 12 months of age) Toddler (1 to 3 years of age) Preschooler (3 to 6 years of age) School Age (6 to 12 years) Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
SIDS
- 2-4 months
- male
- premature
- indian and AA
infant mortality-5
premature, LBW, SIDS, congenital malformation, unintentional
child mortality-5
congenital abnormalities, cancer, homicide, heart disease, unintentional injury (most common)
unintentional injuries by age-3
0-12- suffocation
1-4 drowning
5-19 motor vehicle
medication errors-6
- dosage based on weight
- misplaced decimal
- different dosage forms
- not approved by FDA for kids
- kids can’t communicate reactions
- parents don’t understand instructions
age for research assent
7
family centered care
mutually beneficial partnership
family focused care
health professionals as experts that direct care
Examination of a toddler-5
Keep child close to parent
Provide a security object
Demonstrate instruments on parent or other before examining child
Allow child to have as much control and choice as possible
Examine ears, eyes, mouth at end of the exam
Examination of a Preschool Child-4
Consider what sequence is best
Allow children to touch and play with equipment
Use games to reduce anxiety
Give positive feedback
Examination of a school-aged child-7
Willing to cooperate Ensure modesty and privacy Offer choices Explain body parts and functions Decide on parental presence or absence Consider need for nonparent chaperones Reassure adolescents of normalcy
Examination of an adolescent-6
Decide on parental presence or absence Consider need for nonparent chaperones Reassure adolescents of normalcy Protect modesty and privacy Head to toe order Provide reassurance regarding their growing/changing bodies
Body mass index-4
Less than 5th percentile-underweight
Greater than 85th percentile-overweight
Greater than 95th percentile-obesity
Calculation: weight in kg/m2 of height
RR range by age-6
- NB 30-55
- 1 yr 25-40
- 3 yr 20-30
- 6 yr 16-22
- 10 yr 16-20
- 17 yr 12-18
HR range by age-5
- NB 100-170 ave 120
- up to 2 80-130, 110
- 2-6 70-120, 100
- 6-10 70-110, 90
- 10-16 60-100, 85
