ch 19 Flashcards
infant nutrition
- High metabolic rate and growth
- Double birth weight by approx. 5 months
- Body system and immaturity make is difficult to meet the nutritional needs.
- need vit D 400 IU
- flouride after 6 mo if not in food
peanuts
- start at 6 mo
- no hx of asthema, ecsema, resp issues
- benadryl
breastfeed
- only food 0-6
2. supplementation 4-6
breastfeed advantages
- Excellent nutritional balance
- Promotion of GI function
- Fostering immunity
- Psychologic benefits
- Economic advantages
- Lower otitis media, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease
formula feed
- well water tested
- cold water to mix- run for 2 min
- no cows milk first year- bleeding and anemia
ready for solids
- extrusion reflex decreases
2. sit w support
first solids
- rice cereal w iron 4-6mo
- fruit/veg 6-8mo
- meat 8-10mo
- finger foods 6-10mo w pincher grasp
prevent caries
- bottle use
- prolonged nursing
- juice
- dentist
- 1 cavity birth-6yrs
- sepsis and infection
toddler feed
Physiologic anorexia—appears toddler doesn’t eat enough
Nutritional needs: 1 tbs of each food per year of age
-no unpasteurized juice
-fixated on food
-encourage eating at table
preschool feed
Diet similar to that of toddlers Socialization at meal time Enjoy helping with food preparation Food jags common Three meals and two snacks per day Encourage good dental care
school-age feed
Nutritional needs increase secondary to growth spurts May be resistant to new food items Encourage appropriate food choices School involvement in nutrition -eruption of permanent teeth
anthropometric measurement
- ass of various parts of body
- weight, length/height, head circumference (until 5yr)
obesity
- overweight at 85%
- black, mexican, native americans
3, disease: gall bladder, arthritis, HTN, dislipidemia, low self esteem
food security/insecurity
- security—access at all times to enough nourishment for a healthy, active life
- inability to acquire or consume adequate quality or quantity of foods in socially acceptable ways
adolescent
Calorie needs
Males 3000 cal/day
Females 2000 cal/day
-peer influence
food stamp program
based on size and income, education services
child nutrition program
school lunch, breakfast, and milk programs
WIC
supplemental for pregnant, breastfeed, postpartum, assessment of growth and dev
vit A
- liver, dairy, fish, yellow/dark green veg
- deficient- night blind, vision loss, high infection rates
calcium def
-intake of soda and juice
vit D rickets
seizures, low height for age, slow learn to walk, delayed teeth, poor enamel, bowing of spine/legs/arms
folic acid
- neural tube defects
- adolescents
- need 0.4 day from 15-45yrs
food intolerance
abnormal response not IgE mediated
-allergy has IgE
colic
cry 3 hrs for 3 days/wk, peak at 6 wks resolve 3-4mo
