Test 1

Question 1

reasons for studying biology

Answer 1

• bio influences nearly very aspect of life

- science can challenge beliefs

Question 2

different ways of studying the world

Answer 2

• animism=spirits
• naturalism/speculative philosophy=rules and regulation, all you need is logic which discounted experiments
• scholasticism=combo of naturalism and religion, relied on authorities like the Bible
• science=test ideas

Question 3

process associated with science

Answer 3

• formulate question
• preliminary research
• develop a hypothesis
• test
• observations
• publish

Question 4

assumptions scientists make about the universe

Answer 4

• what one person observes can be observed by others

- same fundamental rules of nature apply, regardless of where and when they occur

Question 5

scientific hypothesis

Answer 5

possible answer to a question, can be tested with an “if, then” statement, logical, simple, explains observations, can predict, and can be falsified by tests

Question 6

theory

Answer 6

widely accepted, plausible, general statement about fundamental concepts in science that explains why things happen

Question 7

law

Answer 7

summaries of observations that don’t explain anything, uniform/constant fact of nature that describes what happens in nature

Question 8

science

Answer 8

process used to solve problems, develop understanding of repetitive knowledge, and testing of possible answers

Question 9

scientific method

Answer 9

way of gaining information/facts about the world by forming possible answers to questions and rigorous testing

Question 10

pseudoscience

Answer 10

deceptive practice that uses the appearance/language of science to convince, confuse, or mislead people into thinking the something has scientific validity

Question 11

non-science

Answer 11

speculation and can’t be tested

Question 12

applied science

Answer 12

research done because of the likely benefit it may have in helping address a societal problem

Question 13

basic science

Answer 13

attempts to understand the natural world for its own sake

Question 14

characteristics of life

Answer 14

1. unique structural organization
   - emergent properties
2. metabolic processes
   - chemical reactions
3. generative processes
   - growth and reproduction
4. responsive processes
   - irritability, individual adaptation, and evolution
5. control processes
   - coordination and regulation
   - homeostasis

Question 15

experiment

Answer 15

recreation of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientist to support or disprove a hypothesis

Question 16

induction

Answer 16

process of developing general principle from the examination of many sets of specific facts

Question 17

deduction

Answer 17

process of using general principles to predict the specific facts of a situation

Question 18

empirical observations

Answer 18

observation done by a sense

Question 19

metabolism

Answer 19

all the chemical reactions involving molecules required for a cell to grow and make repairs

Question 20

homeostasis

Answer 20

process of maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 21

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 21

energy can’t be created or destroyed, but can be transferred

Question 22

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 22

• energy must be released/”wasted”

- no 1:1 conversions (never 100% efficient)

Question 23

kinetic energy

Answer 23

energy of motion

Question 24

potential energy

Answer 24

stored energy

Question 25

chemical energy

Answer 25

energy stored in the molecules, potential energy

Question 26

nuclear energy

Answer 26

nucleus of an atom, arrangement of protons and neutrons, potential energy

Question 27

thermal energy

Answer 27

constant atom motion, kinetic energy

Question 28

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 28

visible light, microwaves, UV rays, kinetic energy

Question 29

energy

Answer 29

ability to do work/cause things to move

Question 30

element

Answer 30

fundamental chemical substances made up of collections of only one kind of atom

Question 31

atom

Answer 31

basic unit of a chemical element

Question 32

compound

Answer 32

chemical substance made up of two or more elements combined in a specific ratio

Question 33

molecule

Answer 33

smallest particle of a chemical compound and is a definite and distinct electronically neutral group of bonded atoms

Question 34

atomic number

Answer 34

number of protons in an atom of an element

Question 35

mass number

Answer 35

sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 36

isotope

Answer 36

an atom with a different number of neutrons of other atoms in that element

Question 37

radioactive

Answer 37

emitting or relations of the emission of ionizing radiation or particles

Question 38

ion

Answer 38

any positive or negatively charged atom or molecule

Question 39

acid

Answer 39

ionic compounds that release hydrogen ions in solution

Question 40

pH

Answer 40

measure of hydrogen ion concentration

Question 41

chemical reaction

Answer 41

atoms attempt to acquire an outermost energy level with 8 electrons

Question 42

polar molecule

Answer 42

molecule with a negative and positive electrical pole

Question 43

ionic bond

Answer 43

formed after atoms transfer electrons to achieve a full outermost every level, electrons are donated

Question 44

covalent bond

Answer 44

formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons

Question 45

hydrogen bond

Answer 45

when a positive hydrogen end is attracted to the negative end of another molecule

Question 46

dehydration synthesis

Answer 46

chemical changes in which water is released as a larger, more complex molecule is made from smaller, less complex parts

Question 47

hydrolysis reactions

Answer 47

opposite of dehydration synthesis reactions; water is used to break the reactants into small, less complex parts