Chapter 3

Question 1

inorganic molecules

Answer 1

chemicals that do not contain carbon atoms

Question 2

organic molecules

Answer 2

chemicals that contain carbon atoms arranged in rings/chains

Question 3

biochemistry

Answer 3

science of organic chemistry in living things

Question 4

double bond

Answer 4

two covalent bonds formed between two atoms that share two parts of electrons

Question 5

carbon skeleton

Answer 5

core of all organic molecules composed of rings/chains of carbon which helps determine the shape of the molecule

Question 6

functional groups

Answer 6

way attached atoms are combined

Question 7

macromolecules

Answer 7

large organic molecules

Question 8

polymers

Answer 8

combinations of many smaller, similar building blocks called monomers

Question 9

carbohydrate

Answer 9

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms linked together to form monomers, simple sugars/monosaccharides

Question 10

complex carbohydrate

Answer 10

when two or more simple sugars combine together

Question 11

amino acid

Answer 11

short carbon skeleton that contains an amino functional group attached on one end and a carboxylic acid group on the other

Question 12

polypeptide

Answer 12

a specific sequence of amino acids bonded end to end

Question 13

genes

Answer 13

specific portions of DNA that serve as messages that tell the cell to link particular amino acids in a specific order that determines structure

Question 14

denatured

Answer 14

when chemical and physical properties are changed

Question 15

structural proteins

Answer 15

important for maintaining the shape of cells and organisms

Question 16

regulator proteins

Answer 16

help determine what activities will occur in the organism

Question 17

carrier proteins

Answer 17

pick up molecules at one place and transport them to another

Question 18

nucleic acids

Answer 18

complex polymers that store and transfer genetic information within a cell

Question 19

nucleotides

Answer 19

monomers that construct a nucleic acid

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

type of nucleic acid composed of tow strands attached by hydrogen bonds

Question 21

chromosomes

Answer 21

strands containing many genes and prepares for cellular respriation

Question 22

RNA

Answer 22

type of nucleic acid found in all living things and is divided into 3 parts

Question 23

mRNA

Answer 23

forms on the surface of DNA, peels off, and links with a ribosome

Question 24

rRNA

Answer 24

copy of DNA that becomes twisted and covered in protein to forma a ribosome

Question 25

tRNA

Answer 25

takes the form of a clover leaf, responsible for transferring specific amino acids to the ribosome

Question 26

lipids

Answer 26

non-polar molecules that do no dissolve easily in poplar solvents

Question 27

fats

Answer 27

soluble in non-polar substances and are not polymers

Question 28

true (neutral) fats

Answer 28

used to provide energy and the building block and glycerol and fatty acids

Question 29

glycerol

Answer 29

carbon skeleton that has 3 alcohol groups attached to it

Question 30

fatty acid

Answer 30

carbon skeleton that has a carboxyl group

Question 31

saturated

Answer 31

carbon skeleton of a fatty acid that has a much hydrogen bonded as possible, generally found in animal tissue

Question 32

unsaturated

Answer 32

carbons are double-bonded to each other at one or more points

Question 33

phospholipids

Answer 33

class of complex, water-insoluble organic molecules that resemble neutral fats but have a phosphate containing group in their structure

Question 34

steroids

Answer 34

characterized by their arrangement of interlocking rings of carbon