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Dental anatomy > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how many facial bones make our appearance?

A

14

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2
Q

functions of facial bones

A

respiration & digestion

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3
Q

name some large facial bones

A

mandible, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic bones

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4
Q

name some small bones

A

vomer, 2 palatine, 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 inferior nasal turbinates

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5
Q

2 bones that make the TMJ

A

temporal bone, mandible

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6
Q

name the muscles involved in mastication

A

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid muscles

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7
Q

name the actions these muscle perform

A

elevate, depress, retrude, protrude

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8
Q

3 divisions of trigeminal nerve

A

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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9
Q

what does the ophthalmic do

A

sensory for upper 1/3 of face ( forehead, anterior scalp, eyeball, eyelid, nose)

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10
Q

what does maxillary do?

A

touch, pain, pressure, temperature of middle 1/3 of face and palate. Anterior superior alveolar n. for incisors and canines, middle superior alveolar n for premolars, posterior superior alveolar n is for molars.

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11
Q

what does mandibular nerve do?

A

sensory & motor. Touch, pain, pressure, and temperature for lower 1/3 of face, anterior 2/3 of tongue ( not taste), supplies 8 muscles of mastication plus the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles which retract the mandible

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12
Q

how many muscles of mastication does the mandibular nerve control

A

8

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13
Q

what does facial nerve do?

A

sensory and motor, facial expression, salivary gland excretions of sublingual & submandibular glands. Sense and taste of anterior2/3 of tongue

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14
Q

What controls the posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve for taste and feeling as well as secretory stimulation for parotid glands, Hypoglossal n. if damaged deviates the tongue

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15
Q

name the 2 types of arches in the mouth

A

maxillary, mandibular

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16
Q

how are arches organized?

A

in quadrants ( upper left/ right…..)

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17
Q

state all directions and point to them on typodont

A

anterior/ posterior, mesial/distal, facial/lingual, buccal/ labial, occlusal/ incisal, apical/axial

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18
Q

more oreientation words

A

proximal, interproximal, gingival, coronal, interarch, intra-arch, radicular, interradicular

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19
Q

what is a line angle?

A

a line that two surfaces make when they meet. ( mesiobuccal line angle)

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20
Q

how are surfaces described?

A

1/3’s.

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21
Q

describing root 1/3’s

A

apical, middle, and cervical 3rd

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22
Q

describing surfaces

A

distal, middle, mesial 3rds

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23
Q

what is a contact?

A

where 2 teeth touch

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24
Q

what is an embrasure?

A

spaces near the point of contact.

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25
Q

what kind of embrasures are there

A

lingual, facial, gingival, occlusal, cervical, and incisal

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26
Q

another name for cervical embrasures

A

interproximal space

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27
Q

describe international counting system

A

quadrants 1-4 with a number 1-8 describing how far from the midline you go. (start upper right to left, then lower left to right)

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28
Q

primary dentition with international system

A

quadrants 5-8, with 1-5 following

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29
Q

using international system describe the mandibular left lateral insicer

A

32

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30
Q

describe the palmer system

A

use a half square describing quadrant followed by numbers 1-8 or for primary dentition a-e

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31
Q

describe the universal system

A

numbers 1-32 starting upper right ending lower right. Primary dentition use letters a-k

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32
Q

what is the succeduous dentition formula

A

I 2/2, C 1/1, PM 2/2, M 3/3

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33
Q

what does succeduous mean?

A

something that replaces somthing

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34
Q

are adult molars succeduous?

A

no, they don’t replace anything.

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35
Q

What are the 4 functions of teeth?

A

mastication, esthetics, speech, protection of supporting tissues

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36
Q

which teeth are considered anterior/ posterior teeth?

A

anterior- incisors & canines

posterior- premolars & molars

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37
Q

describe convexity or height of contour

A

this is the interaction of the gum with the tooth

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38
Q

which contour is on all teeth?

A

facial surface- on the cervical 3rd

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39
Q

where is the contour on lingual surface of incisors and canines

A

cervical 3rd of crown

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40
Q

where is the contour on lingual side of posterior teeth?

A

middle 3rd of crown

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41
Q

why is the countour higher up on the posterior teeth

A

it allows the tongue to sit on it

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42
Q

what does under contour result in?

A

reseeding gingiva do to lack of stimulation

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43
Q

what does over contour do?

A

causes irritation and swelling

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44
Q

where do you find proximal height of contour?

A

this is between adjacent teeth and prevents food compaction

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45
Q

why are lingual embrasures larger than facial?

A

the tongue can move food onto the occlusal surface.

46
Q

Describe interdental papillae

A

gingiva that fills the gingival embrasure. ( anterior-triangle shape , posterior= mtn. range/col)

47
Q

describe maximum intercuspal contact

A

best possible contact points for them ( fit like 2 hands clasped together)

48
Q

what are groves for on cusps

A

to allow food to escape

49
Q

what is the cervical margin junction

A

between crown and root

50
Q

what is the anatomical crown

A

incisal edge to CMJ ( cervical marginal junction)

51
Q

process of making enamel is called and is made by ?

A

amelogenesis, ameloblasts, these originate from ectoderm

52
Q

what happens to ameloblasts when tooth erupts

A

they become desensitiezed

53
Q

what 2 properties make enamel special

A

complex organization of matrix makes it hard, the mineralization makes it so it can withstand acids.

54
Q

how is enamel organized

A

rods & interrods ( sometimes rod sheaths)

55
Q

thickness of enamel

A

incisal ridges- 2mm, cusps of PM- 2.3-2.5, cusps of molars 2.5-3mm

56
Q

T/F, each cusp comes from one single ossification center?

A

F, they have their own

57
Q

describe what an enamel rod looks like

A

a tennis racket

58
Q

what does a rod sheath do?

A

cements inter-rod

59
Q

enamel anatomy

A

enamel rod, head, & tail

60
Q

describe enamel lamella, stria of retzius, enamel tufts, and DEJ

A

describe them

61
Q

what is gnarled enamel

A

group of enamel rods intertwined with adjacent rods. This adds strength. ( think knots in tree stump)

62
Q

what are hunter schreger bands

A

optical appearances in enamel

63
Q

what are enamel tufts

A

start in dentin and end in enamel, may play a role in spreading of caries

64
Q

whats the purpose of enamel lamellae?

A

weak area predisposing a tooth to bacteria and caries

65
Q

striae of retzius

A

growth rings of enamel, usually stain red

66
Q

imbrication line of pickerill & perikymata

A

perikymata- elevated grooves

pickerill- valley of gooves ( these are kind of wavy)

67
Q

prismless enamel and where its found.

A

outer layer of enamel found mostly towards cervical area. Its ~30micrometers thick.

68
Q

what is cool about dentin

A

takes force away from enamel and distributes the forces out. ( granite pillow ex)

69
Q

function of dentin-pulp complex

A

formative/ developmental, nutritive, sensory, defensive/ repariative

70
Q

formation of dentin is____ and is by ____

A

dentinogenesis, odontoblasts

71
Q

what are tomes fibers

A

long cytoplasmic cell processes of odontoblasts

72
Q

is dentin dead or alive?

A

alive, it responds to stimuli

73
Q

what is dentin derived from

A

odontoblasts which differentiate from ectomesenchymal cells. These are neural crest origin

74
Q

mesenchymal cells can differentiate into what

A

lymphatic, circulatory and connective tissues

75
Q

name 3 phases of tooth development

A

initiation, morphogenesis, histogenesis ( these are hard to distinguish because they all overlap

76
Q

what is meckels cartilage

A

thickening bands around 37 days of dev. that form jaw bone

77
Q

which laminae forms first dental or vestibular

A

vestibular then dental

78
Q

what is a placode?

A

embryonic structures that give rise to structures like hair and teeth

79
Q

what is an enamel spindle?

A

when an odontoblast becomes trapped in early enamel. They are by the DEJ

80
Q

where is the predentin found

A

right next to the cell bodies of odontoblasts

81
Q

Dentin forming the initial shape of tooth is called?

A

Primary dentin, usually complete after 3 years after eruption

82
Q

describe the dentin tubule and tomes fiber relationship

A

tubules are the canal that tomes fibers occupy. They extend from DEJ to pulp

83
Q

Dentin tubule size and location on the tooth

A

superficial tubules are smaller and less numerous. Deep tubules are larger and more numerous

84
Q

tubules in the root compared to coronal

A

root are less numerous than coronal

85
Q

starting most superficial name the types of dentin

A

mantle, primary, secondodary, predentin tertiary( spots by root)

86
Q

primary dentin

A

“circumpulpal dentin”, mantle dentin is actually part of primary dentin and is mineralized differently.

87
Q

secondary dentin

A

thin layer between primary and predentin. Secondary dentin formation is much slower than primary

88
Q

what is pulp recession

A

deposition of secondary dentin around the pulp is asymmetrical

89
Q

whats the purpose of the sclerose of secondary dentin

A

reduces the overall permeability of the dentin protecting the pulp

90
Q

tertiary dentin

A

“reactive dentin”, is produced in reaction to various stimuli ( attrition, caries, or dental procedures)

91
Q

what are the 2 classifications of tertiary dentin?

A

reactionary, reparative.

92
Q

root dentin formation is by

A

requires proliferation of hertwigs epithelial root sheath

93
Q

where do hertwigs cells come from?

A

cervical loop of the enamel organ. These cells differentiate into odontoblasts

94
Q

what happens first tooth eruption or root formation?

A

when the tooth erupts the root formation is 2/3 done

95
Q

epithelial rests of malassez cells

A

from fragmented rooth sheath. May participate in maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissues

96
Q

cementum

A

hard tissue that covers the anatomic roots, formed by cementoblasts, develop from mesenchymal cells in dental follicle

97
Q

cementum %’s

A

45-55 hydroxyapatite, 50-55 % organic water and water

98
Q

what are sharpeys fibers?

A

little extentions of PDL that anchor in the cementum and alveolar bone

99
Q

T/F, Cementum is vascular

A

false

100
Q

Name the 2 types of cementum

A

acellular, cellular

101
Q

acellular cementum

A

** cementum is living**, acellular is mostly on coronal half of root

102
Q

cellular cementum

A

mostly on oapical half of root.

103
Q

Active eruption

A

normal movement the body does to position tooth in oral cavity

104
Q

passive eruption

A

lengthening of crown do to loss of attachment or recession of gingiva

105
Q

functions of incisors

A

cut food, enable articulate speech, help support lip and maintain esthetic appearance, guide mandible posteriorly when closing mouth

106
Q

name the 5 sides of a tooth

A

mesial, distal, facial, lingual, incisal/occlusal

107
Q

developmental lobes

A

tooth crowns develop from lobes or primary growth centers

108
Q

name the facial lobes of an incisor

A

mesial, middle, distal,

109
Q

name the lingual surfaces of an incisor

A

cingulum

110
Q

width of incisal roots

A

wider faciolingually than mediodistally( exception is maxillary central incisor

Dental anatomy (14 decks)

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