dental anamolies Flashcards
What is Anodontia?
genetic disorder when someone has no teeth. Its extremely rare in its pure form. It usually is accompanied with other abnormalities
what is hypodontia?
absence from 1-6 teeth
what is oligodontia?
absence of more than 6 teeth
what is associated with anodontia?
ectodermal dysplasias ( its seen in primary or secondary)
total anodontia ( aka true anodontia)
total congenital absence entire primary and secondary dentition. Sex linked genetic trait. Its an abnormal development of ectoderm.
symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia and total anodontia
course hair, brittle nails, affects sebaceous sweat and salivary glands
what is partial anodontia?
referred to as congenitally missing teeth. Involves 1 or more missing teeth. Tendancy for missing the same teeth runs in families.
what action is required for partial anotondia?
radiographs to make sure theyre really gone and not impacted
most common missing teeth in partial anodontia are…
third molars ( especially maxillary), then maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular second premolars
which is least likely to be absent from the dentitions?
canines
most common areas for supernumerary teeth
maxillary incisor area, third molar areas, mandibular premolar area.
Mesiodens
forms between central maxillary incisors, May be unerupted and diastema space may be present. It can also look like a molar.
supernumerary teeth in third molar area
distal to 3rd molar and more common in maxillary. Often called distomolars, paramolars, or fourth molars. They rarely erupts
supernumerary teeth in mandibular premolar area
most commonly between first and second premolar regions
8 different crown morphologies
third molars, peg lateral incisor, gemination ( twinning), fusion, hutchinsons ( congenital syphilis), accessory cusps, variations in tooth size, shovel-shaped incisors
3rd molars
maxillary 3rd molars have the most variable crown shape of all teeth.
peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors
1-2 % of population has this, develops from 1 lobe instead of 4
gemination ( twinning)
when a forming tooth splits but never really separates. They are double in width with a common canal. Most common in maxillary incisors and canines
fusion
when 2 adjacent tooth germs unite and involves dentin. More commonly in anterior teeth, primary teeth, and mandibular incisor area.
fusion looks similar to what?
to gemination. Fusion has a fused 2 separate pulp chambers in radiograph
how can you tell the difference between fusion and germination?
germination is 2 crowns with one root, fusion is 2 crowns and 2 roots.
hutchinsons incisors
caused by congenital syphyllis. May be screw driver shaped with a notched incisal edge and broad cervically
mulberry molars
look like mulberries with tubercles
accessory cusps, tubercles, or ridges
involves hyperplasia- increased cell numbers and hypertrophy- increased cell size
tuberculum intermedium
extra midlingual cusp on mandibular molars.
tuberculum sextum
extra cusp on distal marginal ridge
Talon cusp
small projection on lingual surface of permanent incisors
microdontia
very small but normal shaped teeth
macrodontia
very large but normal shaped teeth
shovel-shaped maxillary incisors
not a true anomaly, occur mostly in Asian, Mongoloid, Artic, and Native American population
what are enamel pearls?
nodules of enamel with tiny core of dentin and can cause periodontal problems
taurodontia
pulp chamber is very large without constriction near the CEJ. Only in permanent teeth
Dilacerations ( flexion)
severe bends in roots
Dens in dente
tooth within a tooth. Abnormality that results in a tooth invagination of enamel organ within the crown of a tooth
Concrescence
superficial fusion of only cementum of 2 teeth. They usually join after eruption. Most frequent in maxillary molar
dwarfed roots
small roots caused from braces moving to quick. Osteoblasts cant keep up with osteoclasts.
hypercemenntosis ( thickening of cementum)
excess formation of cementum after tooth has erupted. Caused by trauma, metabolic dysfunction, or periapical inflammation
malpositioned ( transposed teeth)
teeth are in wrong order
ankylosis
started by infection or trauma to periodontal ligament. The root is truly fused to the alveolar process
Enamel dysplasia
a disturbance in the enamel forming cells during formation. It may be hereditary or caused by trauma like high fever, nutrition deficiencies, or excess fluoride.
amelogenesis imperfecta
faulty enamel formation
enamel hypoplasia
incomplete development of enamel
focal enamel hypoplasia ( turners tooth)
from local trauma or infection. Trauma causes problems with mineralization during formation
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
faulty dentin formation. No dentin means no bulk on teeth
Tetracycline stain
is a drug taken while tooth is forming that causes the teeth to be ugly and gray like professor dumbledores
most unusual dentition
mandibular molars have maxillary molar anatomy
