Periodontal anatomy, Test 3

Question 1

What is periodontium

Answer 1

tissue that surround and envelope teeth. Includes gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, alveolar mucosa.

Question 2

what is gingivitis?

Answer 2

mild form of periodontal disease. Gums turn red, swell, and bleed easily. There is usually little or no discomfort .

Question 3

Etiology of gingivitus

Answer 3

plaque ( bacterial biofilms),

Question 4

progression of gingivitus

Answer 4

It is reversible, but also can progress to Periodontitis

Question 5

does gingivitis always progress to periodontitis?

Answer 5

no, but periodontitis always results from gingivitis

Question 6

periodontitis etiology

Answer 6

untreated gingivitis, toxins from plaque

Question 7

results of periodontitis

Answer 7

gums separate from teeth, forming pockets that become infected, These pockets increase with time and more gum and bone are destroyed.

Question 8

periodontitis is defined as…

Answer 8

inflammation of the peridontium

Question 9

periodontal disease is defined as….

Answer 9

pathological processes affecting the periodontium

Question 10

dental plaque ( bio flim)

Answer 10

microorganisms adhere to teeth and other structures and contribute to the development of gingival and periodontal diseases

Question 11

Dental calculus ( tarter)

Answer 11

hard calcification of dental plaque, caused by acculmulation of minerals from saliva, its rough surface provides an ideal medium for further plaque formation

Question 12

alveolar bone

Answer 12

par of maxilla/mandible that surrounds the roots of teeth

Question 13

alveolus

Answer 13

where the root is embedded

Question 14

lamina dura

Answer 14

thin layer of thin compact bone seen between alveoli ( sockets)

Question 15

periodontal ligament

Answer 15

thin ligament composed of many fibers. Connects the outer layer of the tooth root with the thin layer of dense bone called the lamina dura that lines the alveolus. Its normally less than 1/4 of a mm thick.

Question 16

gingiva

Answer 16

part of oral mucosa, covered by keratinized epithelium. It covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the portions of the teeth near where the root and crown join

Question 17

what is the only part of the periodontium that can be seen during an oral examination?

Answer 17

the gingiva

Question 18

name the 2 types of gingiva

Answer 18

free gingiva within the sulcus, attached gingiva ( keratinized)

Question 19

what is the free gingiva groove?

Answer 19

separates the free from the attached gingivae

Question 20

healthy gingivae traits

Answer 20

pink/coral, melanin pigmentation, firm, doesn’t bleed easily when probed, stippled surface, thin knife like edge margins, shape of facial gingival margin around each tooth somewhat parallels the CEJ ( parabolic arch)

Question 21

perio probing of a healthy person is…

Answer 21

1-3mm and shouldn’t bleed

Question 22

operculum, and pericorinitus

Answer 22

operculum is the tissue that covers the partially erupted molars, pericoronitis is the infected operculum

Question 23

what are some functions of healthy gingiva

Answer 23

support, protection, esthetics, phonetics

Question 24

what is phonetics

Answer 24

alteration in speech due to recession of gingivae. Interproximal papilla is no longer present and gingival margin no longer covers the CEJ

Question 25

anatomy of diseased gingivitis

Answer 25

red color , rolled gingival margins , bulbous papillae, slight bleeding on probing

Question 26

result of periodontitis

Answer 26

bone loss

Question 27

results of gingival recession

Answer 27

loss of gingival tissue ( usually underlying bone as well), Gives “long tooth” look

Question 28

gingival recession associated factors

Answer 28

crowding, prominent roots, bone recession, bony dehiscence, exostoses

Question 29

what is bony dehiscence?

Answer 29

when there is no bone over part of the root. Root is buccally located to the alveolar process

Question 30

what is exostoses

Answer 30

extra bone growth

Question 31

what periodontal measurments that indicate disease

Answer 31

tooth mobility, probe depth, gingival margin level, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, furcation involvement, lack of attached gingiva, plaque score

Question 32

why do multiple angles need to be used while probing?

Answer 32

to accommodate the shape of the root

Question 33

how to measure clinical attachment loss while probing

Answer 33

probe sulcus, probe CEJ to gingiva, add them together

Question 34

root probing on mandibular molars is done where

Answer 34

buccaly

Question 35

root probing on maxillary molars is done where

Answer 35

lingual, mesial, distal sides

Question 36

furcation involvement for probing

Answer 36

1st molars furcate more so there levels are more coronal than 2nd or 3rd molars

Question 37

which premolar bifurcates ? ( important for probing)

Answer 37

maxillary 1st

Question 38

what signifies lack of attached gingiva while probing?

Answer 38

sulcus is deeper than attached gingiva

Question 39

how is plaque index calculated?

Answer 39

percentage of sites with plaque divided by total sites

Question 40

relationship of PDD and restorations

Answer 40

protect biological width of attachment, crown lengthening may be necessary ( to remove bone and move attachment level more cervically), over contoured or overhanging restoration are plaque retentive

Question 41

influence of root anatomy and anomalies on periodontal disease

Answer 41

root pearls, gingival grooves

Question 42

periodontal disease therapy includes ….. ( PDT)

Answer 42

root planning, surgery, access for debridement( cleaning), respective ( laser), periodontal regeneration, periodontal plastic surgery, pre-implant surgery

Question 43

what is root planing and surgery?

Answer 43

root planing- sweeping under the bed

surgery- lifting bed to sweep

Question 44

supragingival calculus

Answer 44

above the gingivae

Question 45

subgingival calculus

Answer 45

below the gingivae