endodontic anatomy Flashcards
what is the pulp cavity divided into?
pulp chamber and horns, root canals
pulp chamber
one per tooth, most occlusal or incisal portion of pulp cavity.
pulp chambers of anterior teeth
partly in the crown
pulp chambers of posterior teeth
mostly in the cervical part of the root
what are the walls of pulp chamber made of?
inner most layer of dentin
where is the roof of the pulp chamber?
incisal or occlusal border
pulp chamber floor
for teeth with multiple roots, the openings into the roots are called orfices
pulp horns
projections at the roof of the pulp chamber; molars, PM’s, canines have 1 per cusp. Young incisors have 3 horns( 1 for each lobe).
whats the exception for young incisors with 3 horns?
peg lateral ( maxillary)- only has one pulp horn because it has 1 lobe
connecting point of root canal and pulp chamber is what
orfices.
what are accessory ( lateral) canals?
when the root canal splits and gives off an additional branch. Usually in apical 1/3 of root, and furcation area of roots.
what are the 4 different canals based off of?
shape and number of canals in any one root
type 1
one canal , one foramen
type 2
2 canals, one foramen
type 3
2 separate canals, 2 separate foramina
type 4
one canal, 2 foramina
pulp chamber and horns of anterior teeth
incisors often have 3 pulp horns ( mesial, central, distal), Peg lateral incisors ( form from 1 lobe) usually have 1 horn, canines have 1 pulp horn under the 1 cusp
anterior teeth root canals
most likely 1 root w/ 1 canal; if 2 canals exist there is 1 facial and 1 lingual
pulp chamber and horns in premolars
normally 1 pulp horn per functional cusp so most have 2 horns; mandibular 1st PM has 1 horn; mandibular 2nd has 3 horns.
root canals and orfices in PM’s
all except maxillary 1st have 1 root w/ 1 canal; maxillary 1st PM’s most often have 2 roots w/2 canals,( even if the roots are fused it stays the same)
maxillary 2nd PM’s root canal and orfices
usually 1 root w/1 canal but 2 canals are frequently present; with 1 canal its orfice is in the exact center of the tooth. If the orifice is more buccal or lingual there are probably 2 canals
mandibular PM’s root canal and orifices
mostly 1 root w/1 canal, but mandibular 1st may have 1 canal that splits into 2 canals with 2 orifices (type IV)
pulp chamber and horns of maxillary molars
chambers of 1st & 2nd molars is broader buccolingually than mesiodistally ( just like crown) and often constricted near floor of chamber; cusp of carabelli is functionless so no horn
pulp chamber and horns of mandibular molars
1st & 2nd is broader mesiodistally than buccolingually ( like crown ); mandibular 1st with 5 cusps is the only tooth with 5 pulp horns
root canal & orifices of maxillary molars
most often have 3 roots w/4 canals ( 2 in mesiobuccal root), and 4 orifices in the chamber floor
root canal & orifices of mandibular molars
most often have 2 roots but 3 canals ( 2 in mesial) and 3 orifices in the chamber floor
pulp shape in primary teeth
pulp is very large with thinner enamel and dentin
why do pulp cavities get smaller with age?
deposit of secondary dentin as we age, reparative dentin, calcium hydroxide base can be used to stimulate additional dentin
endodontics is defined as…..
a specialty concerned with human dental pul and periapical tissues. ( they are the plumbers)
pulpal disease
pulp inflamed and irreversible. Appears dark on xray
periapical disease
periapical radiolucency is the dark area on x-ray around apex indicating bone loss
pulp death
necrosis, tooth dies but tooth still functions
crown discoloration is a result of what?
pulpal disease that was caused be trauma many years prior.
steps to endodontic therapy
develop access opening, locate canal orifices, clean out each canal, fill cleaned canals with gutta percha
endodonotic therapy may require
a restoration with a post and core, and crown
important anatomy for maxillary centrals incisors
cervical root and chamber outline is triangular, cingulum is distal, no prominent root depressions, one root canal
important anatomy for mandibular central and lateral incisors
cervical outline is ovoid ( wider faciolingually than mesiodistally), root depression on mesial and distal; distal is deeper, one canal most often
important anatomy for maxillary canines
cervical outline is ovoid and wide faciolingually, root depression on mesial and distal, distal is deeper, one canal
important anatomy for mandibular canines
cervical outline is wider faciolingually, root depression on mesial and distal, distal is deeper, one canal most often, may have 2 roots and 2 canals
important anatomy for maxillary 1st PM’s
most have 2 roots and 2 canals, root depression mesial and distal with mesial deeper, mesial crown cavitation at cervical, furcation located in apical half
important anatomy for maxillary 2nd PM’s
cervical outline at cervical is ovoid ( wider buccolingually), normally one root and one canal, root depression on mesial and distal with distal deeper,
important anatomy for mandibular 1st PM’s
cervical outline is ovoid ( wider buccolingually) root depressions mesial and distal deeper on distal, one canal most often
important anatomy for mandibular 2 PM’s
cervical outline is ovoid, wider buccolingually than mesiodistally, root depression not common on mesial frequent on distal, one canal most often, crown outline of three-cusp type wider in lingual half
mandibular first and second molars
2 roots ( mesial, distal) , mesial root is wider facriolinugally, 3 canals ( 2 in mesial root), mesial root with mesial and distal root depressions, furcation access is located midfacial and midlingual, root trunk shorter and roots more spread on first molars than second and third.
maxillary first and second molars
3 roots ( mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and lingual), 4 canals ( 2 in mesiobuccal), mesiobuccal root is wider than distobuccal, mesiobuccal root has mesial and distal depression, lingual root has slight lingual depression
maxillary first and second molars contd
furcation access is located midfacial, mesial, and distal, maxillary first molar often has distal cervical depression, first molars have shorter root trunk and more spread roots than seconds and thirds.
