Test 1/21 Flashcards
What is adolescence?
the period of development between childhood and adulthood
- starts at 11 or 12 over by 18 or 19
- divided into 3 smaller groups
3 groups of adolescents
- Early Adol. (ages 11 to 14)
- Middle Adol. (ages 14 to 16)
- Late Adol. (ages 16 to 19)
Puberty
time of sexual maturation
Hormones
chemicals that control body growth, emotional responses, and physical changes, and responsible for sexual maturation
Adrenal Glands
produces adrenaline, secretes the stimulation hormone
Gonads Glands
Sex glands
Pituitary Glands
secretes the growth hormone
Changes (M VS F)
M: -noticeable voice changes -dev of facial hair/thicker body hair F: -breast dev -start of menstruation
Other effects of hormones
-acne
-increased perspiration
(can cause embarrassment for young adults)
Growth spurts
a rapid increase in growth during puberty (can earlier w females)
Early Maturer
someone who’s physical development is one and one half years or more ahead of average dev
Late Maturer
someone whose physical dev is one and one half years more behind average dev
Effects of early boy maturers
-high self esteem
Effects of late boy maturers
-low self esteem
Effects of early girls maturers
-low self esteem
Effects of late girl maturers
-high self esteem
Crowds
large groups w/ loose rules and changeable membership
-shared interests/dress style
Pros of cliques
- someone has your back
- sense of stability
Cons of cliques
- no new friends
- Queenbee
Cliques
very tight group w/ limited membership and strict rules
Gangs
rebellious, antisocial group w strict rules; not connected w accepted school or social organizations
Early Ad. vs Late Ad.
- need to conform to a group is strongest in early
- need to conform to a group declines as teenager continues through ad.
Eating disorders
conditions in which a person cannot read the boys nutritional signals and eats or refuses to eat for the wrong reasons
Anorexia
Preoccupation w dieting and thinness leading to excessive weight loss
Bulimia
Compulsive overeating w purging
Pica
eating non nutritional objects
Physical dangers of anorexia
- irregular heartbeat
- lack of menstrual period
- dehydration. kidney stones/kidney fails
- lanugo/fine body hair that develops to keep body hair warm
- muscle atrophy
- bowel irratation/constipation
- osteoporosis as result of calcium loss
Warning signs of anorexia
- significant weight loss
- distorted body image
- fear of weight gain
- exercise alone
Warning signs of Bulimia
- types of cancer
- diabetes
- gall bladder disease
- heart disease/high blood pressure
- high cholesterol
Treatment for eating disorders
- hospitalization
- medication
- dental work
- counseling
Erik Erikson
believed there was psychosocial crisis during each stage
james marcia
- identity foreclosure
- diffusion
- moratorium
- achievement
eriksons stages of psychosocial dev
- trust vs mistrust (birth to 1)
- autonomy vs shame/doubt (1 to 2)
- Initiative vs guilt (3 to 5)
- industry vs inferiority (6 to puberty)
- identity vs role confusion (ad)
- intimacy vs isolation (early adulthood)
- generativity vs stagnation (mid adh)
- integrity vs despair (elder)
james marcia foreclosure
definite commitment, no searching
james marcia negative identity
identity that results from bad self image
james marcia diffusion
uncertainty about self
no commitment, no searching
james marcia moratorium
delay in decision making/commitment
no comm, but searching
james marcia achievement
good image of self
-firm comm, experiences soul searching
rite of passage
society recognizes that adulthood is reached
juvenile delinquency
repeated violations of the law by those aged 17
& younger
ways to communicate
- good timing
- be direct
- no blame game
- no bringing up history
