Test 1 Flashcards
What are the components of the upper GI tract?
a. small intestine and large intestine
b. mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum
c. mouth esophagus and stomach
d. small intestine, large intestine and duodenum
mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum
What are the components of the lower GI tract?
a. small intestine and large intestine
b. mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum
c. mouth esophagus and stomach
d. small intestine, large intestine and duodenum
small intestine and large intestine
Salvia releases what digestive enzyme?
a. parietal cells
b. gastric acid
c. gastric juice
d. amylase
amylase
The upper GI tract aids in digestion (true/false)
true
Describe the process of digestion
mouth to the esophagus to stomach then duodenum then small intestine and large intestine
What system is responsible for the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients?
a. large intestine
b. small intestine
c. duodenum
d. stomach
small intestine
What absorbs water and electrolytes, storing waste products of digestion until elimination?
a. large intestine
b. small intestine
c. duodenum
d. stomach
large intestine
Gut microflora is linked to what 5 disorders?
fibromyalgia depression sleep disorder immune function sarcopenia
This GI symptom is primarily caused by irritated nerve endings in the stomach
a. nausea
b. vomiting
c. diarrhea
d. anorexia
nausea
What can cause nausea?
severe pain cardiac issues diabetes drugs emotions
What are the possible negative effects of nausea?
dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
malnourishment
This GI symptom can be caused by anything that precipitates nausea
a. anorexia
b. diarrhea
c. vomiting
d. constipation
vomiting
What are the two types of vomiting?
retching
projectile
This is vomiting of blood that has been in contact with gastric acid
a. frank blood
b. coffee-ground emesis
c. stool
coffee-ground emesis
This GI symptom can be associated with cancer, heart disease or renal disease
a. anorexia
b. diarrhea
c. vomiting
d. constipation
anorexia
this GI symptom is a result of increased metabolic rate caused by tumor cells and metabolites produced and released by tumor cells in the bloodstream
a. anorexia
b. anorexia-cachexia
c. diarrhea
d. vomiting
anorexia-cachexia
Malnutrition, weight loss, muscular weakness and a negative nitrogen balance lead to
cachetic wasting
This GI symptom can cause dehydration, weight loss and acidosis
a. constipation
b. diarrhea
c. vomiting
d. nausea
diarrhea
People with this GI symptom need more fiber in their diet
a. constipation
b. diarrhea
c. vomiting
d. nausea
constipation
Constipation is more common in (women/men)
women
Constipation commonly referes to what 3 locations?
a. shoulder, back and abdomen
b. back and butt
c. back, butt and thigh
d. shoulder and back
back, butt and thigh
This GI symptom can be due to neurological disorders
a. nausea
b. constipation
c. dysphagia
d. GI bleeding
dysphagia
this GI symptom is very common in the elderly because of high use of meds and other anticoagulants
a. nausea
b. constipation
c. dysphagia
d. GI bleeding
GI bleeding
Common causes of GI bleeding
erosive gastritis
peptic ulcers
NSAIDs
chronic alcohol use
This type of GI bleed is abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood
melana
What are the PT implications for fluid-electrolyte imbalance
orthostatic hypotension
alteration of the sodium-potassium pump
What are the PT implications for pelvic floor rehabilitation?
retraining of pelvic floor muscles
assisting with a scheduled toileting program
patient education
Thoracolumbar referred pain patterns can be associated with
a. acute ulcer
b. chronic ulcer
c. hernia
d. GI bleeding
acute ulcer
Back and or shoulder referred pain patterns can be associated with
a. acute ulcer
b. chronic ulcer
c. hernia
d. GI bleeding
chronic ulcer
This is a fungal infection called thrush oral and is caused by candida albicans
a. candidiasis/yeast
b. herpes simplex
c. oral leukoplakia
d. oral cancer
candidiasis/yeast
This oral change is white, curd-like patches in the mouth/throat, painful and seen in the elderly
a. candidiasis/yeast
b. herpes simplex
c. oral leukoplakia
d. oral cancer
candidiasis/yeast
This is mouth sores caused by a viral infection
a. candidiasis/yeast
b. herpes simplex
c. oral leukoplakia
d. oral cancer
herpes simplex
This oral change with aging is a grey white to yellow white leathery, caused by chronic irritation in the mouth due to tobacco or alcohol
a. candidiasis/yeast
b. herpes simplex
c. oral leukoplakia
d. oral cancer
oral leukoplakia
What is the impact of aging on the alimentary tract?
intrinsic factor is produced at a lower rate and leads to less vitamin B12
Aging leads to less of what in the alimentary tract
a. vitamin A
b. gastric acid
c. alamyse
d. vitamin B12
vitamin B12
This is defined as not having enough vitamin B12
pernicious anemia
How does aging impact the alimentary tract?
decrease in gastric motility
decrease blood flow
nutrient absorption
volume and acid content of gastric juice
An increase in intraabdominal pressure that forces the gastroesophageal junction through the diaphragm is called
a. hiatal hernia
b. GERD
c. esophageal varices
d. none of the above
hiatal hernia
Who is at risk of a hiatal hernia?
women
older
surgery
trauma or muscle weakness
What position causes symptoms of hiatal hernia and what is the most common symptom?
supine position
heartburn
This is described as the reflux of chyme from the stomach to the esophagus resulting in the inflammation of the esophagus.
a. hiatal hernia
b. GERD
c. esophageal varices
d. none of the above
GERD
Most common symptom of GERD
heartburn
Most common type of esophagitis
GERD
GERD commonly results in _ symptoms
cardiac-related
What causes GERD?
a. NSAIDs
b. alcohol
c. lifestyle
d. exercise
lifestyle
What are treatment options for GERD?
proton pump inhibitors
histamine 2 blockers
raise head of bed and sleep on left side, avoid large meals before bed, antacids
What is the pain pattern of GERD
a. shoulder
b. upper back
c. shoulder and upper back
d. chest
shoulder and upper back
This is defined as dilated veins in lower portion of the esophagus immediately beneath the mucosa
a. hiatal hernia
b. GERD
c. esophageal varices
d. none of the above
esophageal varices
esophageal varices can be caused by
cirrohosis
esophageal varices can result in severe
hematemsis
How do you treat esophageal varices?
avoid rupture
proper lifting techniques
avoid activities that increase intraabdominal pressure
Erosive or hemorrhagic bleeding in the stomach is
a. acute gastritis
b. chronic gastritis
c. peptic ulcer disease
d. none of the above
acute gastritis
this illness in the stomach is associated with pernicious anemia and autoimmune disorders of digestive glands
a. acute gastritis
b. chronic gastritis type A
c. chronic gastritis type B
d. peptic ulcer disease
chronic gastritis type A
This stomach illness is the most common and caused by H.pylori bacteria
a. acute gastritis
b. chronic gastritis type A
c. chronic gastritis type B
d. peptic ulcer disease
chronic gastritis type B
This is defined as a break in the protective mucosal lining exposing submucosal areas to gastric secretions
a. acute gastritis
b. chronic gastritis type A
c. chronic gastritis type B
d. peptic ulcer disease
peptic ulcer disease
This type of stomach illness affects the lining of the stomach and is associated with NSAID use
a. chronic gastritis type A
b. chronic gastritis type B
c. gastric ulcer
d. duodenal ulcer
gastric ulcer
This type of stomach illness occurs in the duodenum and is associated with h.pylori infection
a. chronic gastritis type A
b. chronic gastritis type B
c. gastric ulcer
d. duodenal ulcer
duodenal ulcer