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Patho II > Renal and urinary > Flashcards

Renal and urinary Flashcards

1
Q

What parts make up the upper urinary tract?

a. kidney and urethra
b. bladder and kidney
c. kidney and uterus
d. bladder and urethra

A

kidney and uterus

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2
Q

What parts make up the lower urinary tract?

a. kidney and urethra
b. bladder and kidney
c. kidney and uterus
d. bladder and urethra

A

bladder and urethra

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3
Q

The main function of the kidney is

A

excrete urine
remove waste products
remove excess fluid from the blood
produces erythropoietin for red blood cells

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4
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the

A

nephron

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5
Q

What measures the rate of kidney filtration (GFR)?

A

Glomeruli

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6
Q

How does aging impact the kidneys?

A

reduction of blood flow and reduction in nephrons
less efficient removing waste
volume of urine increases
sodium regulation not as effective

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7
Q

How does aging impact the bladder?

A

reduction in capacity

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8
Q

This term is defined as an infection of the bladder

a. urethritis
b. cystitis
c. pyelonephritis
d. UTI

A

cystitis

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9
Q

This term is defined as an infection of urethra

a. urethritis
b. cystitis
c. pyelonephritis
d. UTI

A

urethritis

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10
Q

This term is an infection involving the upper urinary tract including the kidneys

a. urethritis
b. cystitis
c. pyelonephritis
d. UTI

A

pyelonephritis

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11
Q

This type of urinary incontinence is normal urine control but difficulty reaching toilet in time because of muscle or joint dysfunction

a. functional
b. stress
c. urge
d. overflow

A

functional

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12
Q

This type of urinary incontinence is loss of urine during activities that increase intraabdominal pressure

a. functional
b. stress
c. urge
d. overflow

A

stress

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13
Q

This type of urinary incontinence is a sudden expected urge to urinate and the uncontrolled loss of urine

a. functional
b. stress
c. urge
d. overflow

A

urge

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14
Q

This type of urinary incontinence is a consistent leaking of urine from a bladder that is full but unable to empty

a. functional
b. stress
c. urge
d. overflow

A

overflow

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15
Q

What are the two types of urinary tract infections?

A

complicated

uncomplicated

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16
Q

Explain the risk factors of UTI

A

age
immobility
female gender

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17
Q

What are the implications for the therapist on UTI?

A

changes in mental status, fever, nausea, or vomiting

can predispose a patient to infections in other parts

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18
Q

The most common adult renal neoplasm is

A

renal cell carcinoma

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19
Q 
flank pain 
hematuria
palpable abdominal mass
may be anemic 
unexplained weight loss 
often find as lung cancer
these are risk factors for 
a. renal calculi
b. chronic kidney disease
c. PKD
d. renal cell carcinoma
A

renal cell carcinoma

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20
Q

What should the therapist be aware of with renal cell carcinoma?

A

signs/symptoms
new onset of unexplained abdominal, flank, or back pain or cough
ability to move may be effected

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21
Q

A cyst is described as a cavity filled with fluid or rental tubular elements making up a semisolid material

a. UTI
b. renal cell carcinoma
c. renal cystic disease
d. ESRD

A

renal cystic disease

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22
Q

Renal cystic disease is a _ disorder

a. virus
b. bacteria
c. autoimmune
d. hereditary

A

hereditary

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23
Q

Autosomal (dominant/recessive) is the most common hereditary disorder for renal cystic disease

A

dominant

24
Q

Symptoms of PKD can progress to

A

ESRD

25
Q 
hypertension 
multiple pregnancies 
male gender
genetic mutation of PKD1
these risk factors are associated with
a. renal calculi
b. PKD
c. chronic kidney disease
d. renal cell carcinoma
A

PKD

26
Q

Symptoms of pain, hematuria, fever, hypertension, abdominal pain, flank pain identify

a. ESRD
b. PKD
c. renal cell carcinoma
d. UTI

A

PKD

27
Q

Which population is at risk for HTN, UTI, increase risk of developing a cerebral and aortic aneurysms and mitral valve problems

A

PKD

28
Q

_ will be enlarged on palpation with PKD

a. esophagus
b. abdominal area
c. liver
d. kidneys

A

kidneys

29
Q

What are the areas of obstruction with renal calculi?

A

urteropelvic junction
where the ureter crosses over the iliac vessels
urterovesical junction

30
Q

What is the most common type of stone with renal calculi (kidney stones)?

a. calcium
b. struvite
c. uric acid
d. cystine

A

calcium

31
Q

What are the different types of stones with renal calculi?

A

calcium
struvite
uric acid
cystine

32
Q 
idiopathic hypercalciuria 
renal tubular acidosis 
primary hyperparathyroidism 
hyperoxaluriacidic
gout
acidic pH
risk factors for
A

renal calculi

33
Q

Symptoms of acute colicky flank pain radiating to the groin or perineal areas with hematuria, urinal urgency and frequency and dysuria, nausea and vomiting

a. UTI
b. ESRD
c. renal calculi
d. PSK

A

renal calculi

34
Q

Pain with renal calculi may be manifested by _ pain

a. shoulder
b. abdominal
c. back
d. right shoulder

A

back

35
Q

as a therapist, it is key to pay attention to complaints of _ _ with renal calculi

A

urinary dysfunction

36
Q

Alteration of kidney function or structure for greater than or equal to 3 months

A

chronic kidney disease

37
Q

Most common causes of chronic kidney disease (3)

A

diabetes
hypertention
glomeruloneophritis

38
Q

This disease can be induced by interaction of NSAID and other analgesics

a. ESRD
b. UTI
c. renal calculi
d. chronic kidney disease

A

chronic kidney disease

39
Q

be aware of _ during therapy with a patient who has chronic kidney disease

A

fatigue

40
Q

complications from dialysis

A 
fluid shifts
increased thirst
weight gain
depression
increased susceptibility to infections
HTN/hypotension
chest and back pain 
hypersensitivity
41
Q

What type of exercise should be done for chronic kidney disease?

A

strength training
balance
mobility

42
Q

What intensity of rehab for chronic kidney disease?

a. low
b. low-mod
c. mild-mod
d. mod-high

A

mild-mod

43
Q

exercise for chronic kidney disease is done

A

before, during or after dialysis

44
Q

for ESRD, compromised _ function can lead to _ mortality

A

autonomic

cardiac

45
Q

patients with autonomic dysfunction should use _ scale

A

PRE

46
Q

it is important to consider _ levels for patients with ESRD and diabetes

A

glucose

47
Q

What are the general guidelines for ESRD exercise?

A

4-6 times/week
low exercise capacity
goal = 30 mins/session

48
Q

What lab values need to be considered with end-stage renal failure?

A

creatine and bun
low serum albumin
low hemoglobin

49
Q

Voiding dysfunction associated with neurologic pathology

a. urinary incontinence
b. UTI
c. end-stage renal failure
d. neurogenic bladder

A

neurogenic bladder

50
Q

causes of neurogenic bladder

A 
CVA
dementia
Parkinsons disease
MS 
brain tumors
SCI
51
Q

Clinical manifestations of neurogenic bladder

A

partial or complete urinary retention
incontinence
urgency

52
Q

Complications of neurogenic bladder

A

UTI’s

kidney stones

53
Q

What is the goal of rehab?

A

restore bowel, bladder, sexual and supportive muscle function

54
Q

The glomeruli filters (4)

A

blood
urea
nitrate
creatine

55
Q

Which population is at an increase risk of developing cerebral and aortic aneurysms and mitral valve problems?

a. UTI
b. renal cell carcinoma
c. PKD
d. chronic kidney disease

A

PKD

Patho II (9 decks)

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