Renal and urinary Flashcards by Heather Stephens

What parts make up the upper urinary tract?

a. kidney and urethra
b. bladder and kidney
c. kidney and uterus
d. bladder and urethra

kidney and uterus

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What parts make up the lower urinary tract?

a. kidney and urethra
b. bladder and kidney
c. kidney and uterus
d. bladder and urethra

bladder and urethra

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The main function of the kidney is

excrete urine
remove waste products
remove excess fluid from the blood
produces erythropoietin for red blood cells

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The functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

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What measures the rate of kidney filtration (GFR)?

Glomeruli

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How does aging impact the kidneys?

reduction of blood flow and reduction in nephrons
less efficient removing waste
volume of urine increases
sodium regulation not as effective

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How does aging impact the bladder?

reduction in capacity

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This term is defined as an infection of the bladder

a. urethritis
b. cystitis
c. pyelonephritis
d. UTI

cystitis

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This term is defined as an infection of urethra

a. urethritis
b. cystitis
c. pyelonephritis
d. UTI

urethritis

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This term is an infection involving the upper urinary tract including the kidneys

a. urethritis
b. cystitis
c. pyelonephritis
d. UTI

pyelonephritis

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This type of urinary incontinence is normal urine control but difficulty reaching toilet in time because of muscle or joint dysfunction

a. functional
b. stress
c. urge
d. overflow

functional

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This type of urinary incontinence is loss of urine during activities that increase intraabdominal pressure

a. functional
b. stress
c. urge
d. overflow

stress

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This type of urinary incontinence is a sudden expected urge to urinate and the uncontrolled loss of urine

a. functional
b. stress
c. urge
d. overflow

urge

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This type of urinary incontinence is a consistent leaking of urine from a bladder that is full but unable to empty

a. functional
b. stress
c. urge
d. overflow

overflow

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What are the two types of urinary tract infections?

complicated

uncomplicated

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Explain the risk factors of UTI

age
immobility
female gender

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What are the implications for the therapist on UTI?

changes in mental status, fever, nausea, or vomiting

can predispose a patient to infections in other parts

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The most common adult renal neoplasm is

renal cell carcinoma

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flank pain 
hematuria
palpable abdominal mass
may be anemic 
unexplained weight loss 
often find as lung cancer
these are risk factors for 
a. renal calculi
b. chronic kidney disease
c. PKD
d. renal cell carcinoma

renal cell carcinoma

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What should the therapist be aware of with renal cell carcinoma?

signs/symptoms
new onset of unexplained abdominal, flank, or back pain or cough
ability to move may be effected

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A cyst is described as a cavity filled with fluid or rental tubular elements making up a semisolid material

a. UTI
b. renal cell carcinoma
c. renal cystic disease
d. ESRD

renal cystic disease

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Renal cystic disease is a _ disorder

a. virus
b. bacteria
c. autoimmune
d. hereditary

hereditary

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Autosomal (dominant/recessive) is the most common hereditary disorder for renal cystic disease

dominant

Symptoms of PKD can progress to

ESRD

``` hypertension multiple pregnancies male gender genetic mutation of PKD1 these risk factors are associated with a. renal calculi b. PKD c. chronic kidney disease d. renal cell carcinoma ```

PKD

Symptoms of pain, hematuria, fever, hypertension, abdominal pain, flank pain identify a. ESRD b. PKD c. renal cell carcinoma d. UTI

PKD

Which population is at risk for HTN, UTI, increase risk of developing a cerebral and aortic aneurysms and mitral valve problems

PKD

_ will be enlarged on palpation with PKD a. esophagus b. abdominal area c. liver d. kidneys

kidneys

What are the areas of obstruction with renal calculi?

urteropelvic junction where the ureter crosses over the iliac vessels urterovesical junction

What is the most common type of stone with renal calculi (kidney stones)? a. calcium b. struvite c. uric acid d. cystine

calcium

What are the different types of stones with renal calculi?

calcium struvite uric acid cystine

``` idiopathic hypercalciuria renal tubular acidosis primary hyperparathyroidism hyperoxaluriacidic gout acidic pH risk factors for ```

renal calculi

Symptoms of acute colicky flank pain radiating to the groin or perineal areas with hematuria, urinal urgency and frequency and dysuria, nausea and vomiting a. UTI b. ESRD c. renal calculi d. PSK

renal calculi

Pain with renal calculi may be manifested by _ pain a. shoulder b. abdominal c. back d. right shoulder

back

as a therapist, it is key to pay attention to complaints of _ _ with renal calculi

urinary dysfunction

Alteration of kidney function or structure for greater than or equal to 3 months

chronic kidney disease

Most common causes of chronic kidney disease (3)

diabetes hypertention glomeruloneophritis

This disease can be induced by interaction of NSAID and other analgesics a. ESRD b. UTI c. renal calculi d. chronic kidney disease

chronic kidney disease

be aware of _ during therapy with a patient who has chronic kidney disease

fatigue

complications from dialysis

``` fluid shifts increased thirst weight gain depression increased susceptibility to infections HTN/hypotension chest and back pain hypersensitivity ```

What type of exercise should be done for chronic kidney disease?

strength training balance mobility

What intensity of rehab for chronic kidney disease? a. low b. low-mod c. mild-mod d. mod-high

mild-mod

exercise for chronic kidney disease is done

before, during or after dialysis

for ESRD, compromised _ function can lead to _ mortality

autonomic | cardiac

patients with autonomic dysfunction should use _ scale

PRE

it is important to consider _ levels for patients with ESRD and diabetes

glucose

What are the general guidelines for ESRD exercise?

4-6 times/week low exercise capacity goal = 30 mins/session

What lab values need to be considered with end-stage renal failure?

creatine and bun low serum albumin low hemoglobin

Voiding dysfunction associated with neurologic pathology a. urinary incontinence b. UTI c. end-stage renal failure d. neurogenic bladder

neurogenic bladder

causes of neurogenic bladder

``` CVA dementia Parkinsons disease MS brain tumors SCI ```

Clinical manifestations of neurogenic bladder

partial or complete urinary retention incontinence urgency

Complications of neurogenic bladder

UTI's | kidney stones

What is the goal of rehab?

restore bowel, bladder, sexual and supportive muscle function

The glomeruli filters (4)

blood urea nitrate creatine

Which population is at an increase risk of developing cerebral and aortic aneurysms and mitral valve problems? a. UTI b. renal cell carcinoma c. PKD d. chronic kidney disease

PKD