chapter 30 Flashcards
this type of tumor arises in the CNS, is malignant or non-malignant, named for the cell in which they originate
a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant
primary brain/CNS tumor
this type of tumor is cancer cells that begin in the lung, breast, colon or skin, is spread to the brain via bloodstream, is life-threating, all are malignant by definition
a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant
metastatic tumor
this type of tumor is usually rapidly growing, invasive, life-threating can spread within brain and SC
a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant
malignant
this type of tumor is slow growing, has distinct borders, rarely spreads
a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant
benign
examples of this tumor are gliomas, strocytoma
a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant
primary brain/CNS tumor
examples of this tumor are glioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma
a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant
malignant
examples of this tumor are vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma
a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant
benign
How do brain tumors primarily impact through compression?
cerebral tissue brain substance cranial nerves invasion/infiltration of cerebral tissue bone erosin
What are pathophysiologic changes that happen in a primary or secondary CNS tumor?
cerebral edema
increased intracranial pressure
What are initial signs related to primary or secondary CNS tumors?
increase in intracranial pressure
what symptom is the most common with primary or secondary CNS tumors?
a. fatigue
b. weight loss
c. nausea/vomiting
d. headache
headache
what are the symptoms found with primary or secondary CNS tumors?
headache nausea and vomiting mental clouding loss of consciousness and cognition behavioral changes
a group of cells that support, insulate and metabolically assist the neurons
glial cells
this glial cell provides nutrition for neurons
a. ependymal cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. schwann
d. astrocytes
astrocytes
this glial cell produces myelin sheath of axonal projections of CNS neurons
a. ependymal cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. schwann
d. astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
this glial cell lines the ventricles and produces CSF
a. ependymal cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. schwann
d. astrocytes
ependymal cells
this glial cell produces the myelin sheath of the axonal projections of PNS neurons
a. ependymal cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. schwann
d. astrocytes
schwann cells
this glioma is slow growing, a calcified tumor, adults usually, found in frontal lobe, and may present with stroke like symptoms
a. low grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma
oligodendroglioma
oligodendroglioma is found in the _ lobe
frontal
there is recurrence with oligodendroglioma (true/false)
true
this glioma is found in the fourth ventricle, more prevalent in children, psuedorosette formation and can be detected early
a. low grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma
ependymoma
ependymoma is commonly found in the _ _
fourth ventricle
this is a slow-growing neoplasm that can become malignant over time
a. low-grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma
low-grade astrocytoma
slow-growing, well-differentiated, may become large
grade I low grade astrocytoma
diffuse, infiltrative, anapestic describes
grade _ astrocytoma
grade II low-grade astrocytoma
low-grade astrocytoma is commonly found in the _ lobe
frontal
what lobes can low grade astrocytoma be found in
frontal
parietal and temporal
occipital
initial symptoms are focal headache that becomes generalized as ICP increases
a. low grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma
low grade astrocytoma
this glioma occurs in ages 50-60, is fast-growing, aggressive, infiltrative and prognosis is poor
a. low-grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. high-grade astrocytoma
d. medulloblastoma
high-grade astrocytoma
anaplastic, fast-growing, aggressive, infiltrative, invades both cerebral hemispheres via corpus callosum and may present with a unilateral headache
grade _
grade III high-grade astrocytoma
this astrocytoma is fast growing, extremely aggressive, infiltrative and poor prognosis
grade _
grade IV gliobastoma multiforme
this glioma has unknown origin, found in the vermis, rapidly growing malignant, metasizes to the surface of CNS, found in children and adults
a. low grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma
medulloblastoma
what are the tumors from supporting structures
meningioma
pituitary adenoma
neurinoma
this tumor from a supporting structure is slow growing, benign, originates in the arachnoid layer and can be more common in later years of life
a. pituitary adenoma
b. meningioma
c. neurinoma
d. medulloblastoma
meningioma
the prognosis of meningioma is (good/poor)
good
this tumor of a supporting structure is benign, in middle-age to older people, related to hormone changes, with a favorable prognosis
a. pituitary adenoma
b. meningioma
c. neurinoma
d. medulloblastoma
pituitary adenoma
hypopituitarism means
nonfunctional or not secreting
fatigue, weakness, changes in secondary sexual characteristics could suggest
hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma can cause
hirsutusm
this tumor of a supporting structure is slow growing, originates from schwann cells, develops on the 8th cranial nerve
a. pituitary adenoma
b. meningioma
c. neurinoma
d. medulloblastoma
neurinoma
neruinoma occurs mainly in people ages
40-60
this tumor shows unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, unsteadiness, facial numbness, difficulty swallowing, impaired eye movement and taste disturbances
neurinoma
what are the intraspinal tumors
intradural-intramedullary
intradural-extrameduallary
extradural-extramedullary
this intraspinal tumor is in the dura and the SC, cells are astrocytomas and ependymomas, it is the least common out of all and shows UMN or LMN changes
a. extradural-extramedullary
b. intradural-intramedullary
c. intradural-extramedullary
d. neurinoma
intradural-intramedullary
this intraspinal tumor is in the dura, outside the cord, it is the most common tumor in adults, the tumor types are neuringomas and meningiomas and has knife-like radicular pain radiating to periphery
a. extradural-extramedullary
b. intradural-intramedullary
c. intradural-extramedullary
d. neurinoma
intradural-extrameduallary
this intraspinal tumor is outside the dura, outside the cord, metastatic is the most common, it is found in the cervical or sacral regions and it can become destructive to bone
a. extradural-extramedullary
b. intradural-intramedullary
c. intradural-extramedullary
d. neurinoma
extradural-extramedullary
arises from vertebral bodies in cervical and sacral regions
extradural-extramedullary
the goal of this treatment is total excision while minimizing trauma to vital neural structures
a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery
surgery
complications of this treatment include hemorrhage, infection, seizures, hydrocephalus, residual neurological deficits
a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery
surgery
this is effective for most malignant brain tumors following surgery
a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery
radiation therapy
the side effects of this treatment are fatigue, nausea/vomiting, weakness, headache, necrosis, cerebral edema
a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery
radiation therapy
this type of treatment can be used alone or in combo with other therapies
a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery
chemotherapy
side effects of this treatment include myelosuppression, induced peripheral neuropathy, cognitive changes, cardiotoxicity, fatigue/weakness, nausea/vomiting, balance deficits, falls, anemia, lethargy
a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery
chemotherapy
this type of treatment is used to decrease edema around the tumor or edema caused by treatment
a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery
corticosteroids
this can be used before or after tumor resection, used to decrease edema caused by radiation
a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery
corticosteroids
the side effects of this treatment are impaired glucose control, proximal muscle wasting, steroid-induced personality changes, weight gain
a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery
corticosteroids
this type of treatment is comfort for a patient when medical intervention is no longer a viable option
palliative care
how does metastatic disease reach the brain?
arterial system
metastatic disease most commonly arises in distribution area of the _
MCA
metastatic disease reaches the brain creating lesions most commonly located in _ or _ lobes
parietal
frontal
list the most common cancers to metastasize to the brain
lung breast kidney GI tract melanoma
what are the clinical manifestations of brain metastasis?
headache
seizures
elevated ICP
symptoms may progress rapidly
what are the clinical manifestations of spinal metastais?
back pain most common symptom
pain progresses to weakness, sensory loss, bladder sphincter disturbance
Neurinoma shows all of the following symptoms except
a. dysphagia
b. vertigo
c. bilateral hearing loss
d. tinnitus
bilateral hearing loss
unilateral
metastatic tumor begins in ,,_ or _
lung
breast
colon
skin
neurinoma develops on which cranial nerve
8th
which intraspinal tumor is destructive to bone
extradural-extramedullary
this arises from vertebral bodies in cervical and sacral regions
spinal chondroma
symptoms of brain metastasis progress (slowly/rapidly)
rapidly
