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Patho II > chapter 30 > Flashcards

chapter 30 Flashcards

1
Q

this type of tumor arises in the CNS, is malignant or non-malignant, named for the cell in which they originate

a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant

A

primary brain/CNS tumor

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2
Q

this type of tumor is cancer cells that begin in the lung, breast, colon or skin, is spread to the brain via bloodstream, is life-threating, all are malignant by definition

a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant

A

metastatic tumor

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3
Q

this type of tumor is usually rapidly growing, invasive, life-threating can spread within brain and SC

a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant

A

malignant

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4
Q

this type of tumor is slow growing, has distinct borders, rarely spreads

a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant

A

benign

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5
Q

examples of this tumor are gliomas, strocytoma

a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant

A

primary brain/CNS tumor

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6
Q

examples of this tumor are glioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma

a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant

A

malignant

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7
Q

examples of this tumor are vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma

a. primary brain/CNS tumor
b. metastatic tumor
c. benign
d. malignant

A

benign

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8
Q

How do brain tumors primarily impact through compression?

A 
cerebral tissue
brain substance 
cranial nerves
invasion/infiltration of cerebral tissue
bone erosin
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9
Q

What are pathophysiologic changes that happen in a primary or secondary CNS tumor?

A

cerebral edema

increased intracranial pressure

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10
Q

What are initial signs related to primary or secondary CNS tumors?

A

increase in intracranial pressure

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11
Q

what symptom is the most common with primary or secondary CNS tumors?

a. fatigue
b. weight loss
c. nausea/vomiting
d. headache

A

headache

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12
Q

what are the symptoms found with primary or secondary CNS tumors?

A 
headache
nausea and vomiting
mental clouding 
loss of consciousness and cognition 
behavioral changes
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13
Q

a group of cells that support, insulate and metabolically assist the neurons

A

glial cells

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14
Q

this glial cell provides nutrition for neurons

a. ependymal cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. schwann
d. astrocytes

A

astrocytes

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15
Q

this glial cell produces myelin sheath of axonal projections of CNS neurons

a. ependymal cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. schwann
d. astrocytes

A

oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

this glial cell lines the ventricles and produces CSF

a. ependymal cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. schwann
d. astrocytes

A

ependymal cells

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17
Q

this glial cell produces the myelin sheath of the axonal projections of PNS neurons

a. ependymal cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. schwann
d. astrocytes

A

schwann cells

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18
Q

this glioma is slow growing, a calcified tumor, adults usually, found in frontal lobe, and may present with stroke like symptoms

a. low grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma

A

oligodendroglioma

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19
Q

oligodendroglioma is found in the _ lobe

A

frontal

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20
Q

there is recurrence with oligodendroglioma (true/false)

A

true

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21
Q

this glioma is found in the fourth ventricle, more prevalent in children, psuedorosette formation and can be detected early

a. low grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma

A

ependymoma

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22
Q

ependymoma is commonly found in the _ _

A

fourth ventricle

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23
Q

this is a slow-growing neoplasm that can become malignant over time

a. low-grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma

A

low-grade astrocytoma

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24
Q

slow-growing, well-differentiated, may become large

A

grade I low grade astrocytoma

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25
Q

diffuse, infiltrative, anapestic describes

grade _ astrocytoma

A

grade II low-grade astrocytoma

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26
Q

low-grade astrocytoma is commonly found in the _ lobe

A

frontal

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27
Q

what lobes can low grade astrocytoma be found in

A

frontal
parietal and temporal
occipital

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28
Q

initial symptoms are focal headache that becomes generalized as ICP increases

a. low grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma

A

low grade astrocytoma

29
Q

this glioma occurs in ages 50-60, is fast-growing, aggressive, infiltrative and prognosis is poor

a. low-grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. high-grade astrocytoma
d. medulloblastoma

A

high-grade astrocytoma

30
Q

anaplastic, fast-growing, aggressive, infiltrative, invades both cerebral hemispheres via corpus callosum and may present with a unilateral headache
grade _

A

grade III high-grade astrocytoma

31
Q

this astrocytoma is fast growing, extremely aggressive, infiltrative and poor prognosis
grade _

A

grade IV gliobastoma multiforme

32
Q

this glioma has unknown origin, found in the vermis, rapidly growing malignant, metasizes to the surface of CNS, found in children and adults

a. low grade astrocytoma
b. ependymoma
c. oligodendroglioma
d. medulloblastoma

A

medulloblastoma

33
Q

what are the tumors from supporting structures

A

meningioma
pituitary adenoma
neurinoma

34
Q

this tumor from a supporting structure is slow growing, benign, originates in the arachnoid layer and can be more common in later years of life

a. pituitary adenoma
b. meningioma
c. neurinoma
d. medulloblastoma

A

meningioma

35
Q

the prognosis of meningioma is (good/poor)

A

good

36
Q

this tumor of a supporting structure is benign, in middle-age to older people, related to hormone changes, with a favorable prognosis

a. pituitary adenoma
b. meningioma
c. neurinoma
d. medulloblastoma

A

pituitary adenoma

37
Q

hypopituitarism means

A

nonfunctional or not secreting

38
Q

fatigue, weakness, changes in secondary sexual characteristics could suggest

A

hypopituitarism

39
Q

pituitary adenoma can cause

A

hirsutusm

40
Q

this tumor of a supporting structure is slow growing, originates from schwann cells, develops on the 8th cranial nerve

a. pituitary adenoma
b. meningioma
c. neurinoma
d. medulloblastoma

A

neurinoma

41
Q

neruinoma occurs mainly in people ages

A

40-60

42
Q

this tumor shows unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, unsteadiness, facial numbness, difficulty swallowing, impaired eye movement and taste disturbances

A

neurinoma

43
Q

what are the intraspinal tumors

A

intradural-intramedullary
intradural-extrameduallary
extradural-extramedullary

44
Q

this intraspinal tumor is in the dura and the SC, cells are astrocytomas and ependymomas, it is the least common out of all and shows UMN or LMN changes

a. extradural-extramedullary
b. intradural-intramedullary
c. intradural-extramedullary
d. neurinoma

A

intradural-intramedullary

45
Q

this intraspinal tumor is in the dura, outside the cord, it is the most common tumor in adults, the tumor types are neuringomas and meningiomas and has knife-like radicular pain radiating to periphery

a. extradural-extramedullary
b. intradural-intramedullary
c. intradural-extramedullary
d. neurinoma

A

intradural-extrameduallary

46
Q

this intraspinal tumor is outside the dura, outside the cord, metastatic is the most common, it is found in the cervical or sacral regions and it can become destructive to bone

a. extradural-extramedullary
b. intradural-intramedullary
c. intradural-extramedullary
d. neurinoma

A

extradural-extramedullary

47
Q

arises from vertebral bodies in cervical and sacral regions

A

extradural-extramedullary

48
Q

the goal of this treatment is total excision while minimizing trauma to vital neural structures

a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery

A

surgery

49
Q

complications of this treatment include hemorrhage, infection, seizures, hydrocephalus, residual neurological deficits

a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery

A

surgery

50
Q

this is effective for most malignant brain tumors following surgery

a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery

A

radiation therapy

51
Q

the side effects of this treatment are fatigue, nausea/vomiting, weakness, headache, necrosis, cerebral edema

a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery

A

radiation therapy

52
Q

this type of treatment can be used alone or in combo with other therapies

a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery

A

chemotherapy

53
Q

side effects of this treatment include myelosuppression, induced peripheral neuropathy, cognitive changes, cardiotoxicity, fatigue/weakness, nausea/vomiting, balance deficits, falls, anemia, lethargy

a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery

A

chemotherapy

54
Q

this type of treatment is used to decrease edema around the tumor or edema caused by treatment

a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery

A

corticosteroids

55
Q

this can be used before or after tumor resection, used to decrease edema caused by radiation

a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery

A

corticosteroids

56
Q

the side effects of this treatment are impaired glucose control, proximal muscle wasting, steroid-induced personality changes, weight gain

a. radiation therapy
b. chemotherapy
c. corticosteroids
d. surgery

A

corticosteroids

57
Q

this type of treatment is comfort for a patient when medical intervention is no longer a viable option

A

palliative care

58
Q

how does metastatic disease reach the brain?

A

arterial system

59
Q

metastatic disease most commonly arises in distribution area of the _

A

MCA

60
Q

metastatic disease reaches the brain creating lesions most commonly located in _ or _ lobes

A

parietal

frontal

61
Q

list the most common cancers to metastasize to the brain

A 
lung
breast
kidney
GI tract 
melanoma
62
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of brain metastasis?

A

headache
seizures
elevated ICP
symptoms may progress rapidly

63
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of spinal metastais?

A

back pain most common symptom

pain progresses to weakness, sensory loss, bladder sphincter disturbance

64
Q

Neurinoma shows all of the following symptoms except

a. dysphagia
b. vertigo
c. bilateral hearing loss
d. tinnitus

A

bilateral hearing loss

unilateral

65
Q

metastatic tumor begins in ,,_ or _

A

lung
breast
colon
skin

66
Q

neurinoma develops on which cranial nerve

A

8th

67
Q

which intraspinal tumor is destructive to bone

A

extradural-extramedullary

68
Q

this arises from vertebral bodies in cervical and sacral regions

A

spinal chondroma

69
Q

symptoms of brain metastasis progress (slowly/rapidly)

A

rapidly

Patho II (9 decks)

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