Infectious disease Flashcards by Heather Stephens

A new infection in bone, caused by staph aureus, in children, older adults and IV drug abusers

a. chronic osteomyelitis
b. acute osteomyelitis
c. hematogenous osteomyelitis
d. myositis

acute osteomyelitis

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Acute osteomyelitis is typically caused by _

staph aures

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What population is acute osteomyelitis most common in?

a. children and elders
b. immunocompromised
c. health care workers
d. children, older adults, IV drug abusers

children, older adults, IV drug abusers

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This enters the body through an open wound or GI tract

a. chronic osteomyelitis
b. acute osteomyelitis
c. hematogenous osteomyelitis
d. myositis

acute osteomyelitis

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Longer than a month

a. chronic osteomyelitis
b. acute osteomyelitis
c. hematogenous osteomyelitis
d. myositis

chronic osteomyelitis

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In the blood stream and seen in children

a. chronic osteomyelitis
b. acute osteomyelitis
c. hematogenous osteomyelitis
d. myositis

hematogenous osteomyelitis

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Inflammatory muscle disease or myositis caused by viral, bacterial or parasitic agents

a. chronic osteomyelitis
b. acute osteomyelitis
c. hematogenous osteomyelitis
d. myositis

myositis

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Inflammation of the muscles and their associated tissues

a. chronic osteomyelitis
b. polymyositis
c. hematogenous osteomyelitis
d. myositis

polymyositis

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Local response with joint destruction and sepsis

a. infectious arthritis
b. acute osteomyelitis
c. hematogenous osteomyelitis
d. myositis

infectious arthritis

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Infectious arthritis can be introduced into the joint by direct _, direct _ or by _ spread

inoculation
extension
hematogenous

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Risk factors for developing osteomyelitis

older
alcoholism
diabetes
steroids 
auto immune suppressive drugs
MRSA

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Adults experience _ with osteomyelitis

back pain

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longer surgery higher risk
RA 
diabetes 
nutritional status 
low albumin
obesity 
age 
risk factors for _

prosthesis/implants infection

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This type of prosthesis/implants infection is less than 3 months after surgery

a. early infection
b. delayed infection
c. late infection
d. acute infection

early infection

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This type of prosthesis/implants infection is 3-24 months after surgery

a. early infection
b. delayed infection
c. late infection
d. acute infection

delayed infection

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this type of prosthesis/infection is more than 24 months after surgery

a. early infection
b. delayed infection
c. late infection
d. acute infection

late infection

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history of alcohol abuse
IV drug users
HIV infection 
other infectious disease 
predisposing factors for

infectious arthritis

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This involves the lungs and other systems including pulmonary, GI, MSK, lymphatic

extra pulmonary tuberculosis

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This is spread through blood to other organs, pain may be localized or referred, lower thoracic and lumbar spine typically involved

a. extra pulmonary tuberculosis
b. skeletal tuberculosis
c. neurological tuberculosis
d. meningitis

skeletal tuberculosis

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What is the primary goal for skeletal tuberculosis?

rest and protection of healing tissues

Dont want _ force at joints with skeletal tuberculosis

compressive

Articular cartilage heals (slower/faster)

slower

This type of inflammation is commonly found colonizing on mucosal surfaces in the upper respiratory tract

a. asceptic viral meningitis
b. tuberculoous meningitis
c. bacterial meningitis
d. encephalitis

bacterial meningitis

This inflammation is caused by contamination of the CSF and commonly caused by herpes, enteroviruses, and EBV, drugs

a. asceptic viral meningitis
b. tuberculous meningitis
c. bacterial meningitis
d. encephalitis

asceptic meningitis

This is an inhalation of myocbacterium tuberculosis a. asceptic viral meningitis b. tuberculous meningitis c. bacterial meningitis d. encephalitis

tuberculous meningitis

This type of meningitis is life threatning, it can cross the blood-brain barrier a. asceptic viral meningitis b. tuberculous meningitis c. bacterial meningitis d. encephalitis

bacterial meningitis

This type of meningitis is not life threating, it can be treated as it runs it course a. asceptic viral meningitis b. tuberculous meningitis c. bacterial meningitis d. encephalitis

asceptic (viral) meningitis

Clinical manifestations of meningitis pain in positive _ and _ sign

early fever, headache with a stiff and painful neck pain in lumbar area and posterior thigh positive Kernigs sign positive Brudzinski sign

This is pain in the low back and down into the leg with pain in hip flexion and knee extension a. Kernig sign b. Brudzinski sign c. bacterial meningitis d. viral meningitis

Kernig sign

An acute inflammatory disease caused by direct viral invasion or hypersensitivity initiated by a virus a. asceptic viral meningitis b. tuberculoous meningitis c. bacterial meningitis d. encephalitis

encephalitis

Inflammation due too encephalitis is usually in the gray matter of the CNS (true/false)

true

Neuronal death due to _ can result in _ _

encephalitis | cerebral edema

Medical management of encephalitis

MRI | scan

This is a rare form of encephalopatheis caused by a single-celled organism without a nucleus a. Creutz-Jakob disease b. Mad cow disease c. prion disease d. brain abscess

prion disease

Slow, progressive, fatal, rare and asymptomatic describes a. Creutz-Jakob disease b. Mad cow disease c. prion disease d. brain abscess

Creutz-Jakob disease

Acute, diseased nervous tissue, causes dementia a. Creutz-Jakob disease b. Mad cow disease c. prion disease d. brain abscess

Mad cow disease

Results from a local infection of a microorganism, progresses more rapidly than tumors and frequently affect meningeal structures a. Creutz-Jakob disease b. Mad cow disease c. prion disease d. brain abscess

brain abscess

What are causes of brain abscess (3)

bacteria fungi parasites

A different clinical manifestation brain abscess shows

focal neurologic signs

What should you expect with patients who have an infection disease of the CNS

abnormal movement | abnormal posturing in acute

Inflammation of the skin and underlying muscle tissue, degeneration of collagen a. myositis b. polyositis c. dermatomyositis d. hematogenous osteomyelitis

dermatomyositis

Flexion of neck produces flexion of hips & knees (this sign is seen later in disease process) a. Kernig sign b. Brudzinski sign c. bacterial meningitis d. viral meningitis

Brudzinski sign

How is infection transported to the joint?

surgery contiguous hematogenous

the cause can be identified in encephalitis (true/false)

false

What body parts are the most affected by osteomyelitis?

spine, pelvis, extremities

Acute osteomyelitis is common in (children/adults) | chronic osteomyelitis is common in (children/adults)

children | adults and immunocompromised

Hematogenous osteomyelitis is acquired from

preexisting infections

An acute onset of joint pain, swelling, tenderness and loss of motion can be identified as potentially a. acute osteomyelitis b. chronic osteomyelitis c. infectious arthritis d. skeletal tuberculosis

infectious arthritis