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National Exam CSLMS > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bacteremia?

Blood Culture Term

A

Presence of bacteria in the blood

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2
Q

What is Septicemia?

Blood Culture Term

A

Rapid multiplication of pathogens in the bloodstream

This is life threatening

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3
Q

Sepsis is…

Blood Culture Term

A

microorganism in the blood - systemic inflammatory response

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4
Q

FUO

A

Fever of Unknown Origin

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5
Q

LIS

A

Laboratory Information Systems

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6
Q

SOP

A

Standard Operating Procedure
A way to carry out an activity or a process.

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7
Q

What is Quality Phlebotomy?

A

To ensure the delivery of consistent high quality patient care, specimen collection, and analysis

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8
Q

What is an Autologous Donation?

A

Blood donated by a patient for their own use

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9
Q

whole blood

A

blood before it is separated

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10
Q

venule

A

small vein

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11
Q

venous thrombosis

A

blood clot within a vein

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12
Q

vein

A

vessel carrying blood vessels

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13
Q

trough level

A

lowest serum level of a drug

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14
Q

tourniquet

A

material used to reduce circulation and increase visual of veins

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15
Q

therapeutic phlebotomy

A

removal of blood from a patient’s system as part of the treatment for a disorder

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16
Q

short turnaround time (STAT)

A

requisition requiring immediate attention and processing

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17
Q

sharps

A

needles, lancets, broken glass and other sharp items

(pokey things)

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18
Q

serum

A

plasma without a clotting factor

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19
Q

reagent

A

test chemical

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20
Q

polymer gel

A

synthetic additive used to separate cells from plasma during centrifugation

Also known as thixotropic gel.

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21
Q

plasma

A

fluid portion of the blood

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22
Q

phlebotomy

A

practice of drawing blood

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23
Q

peak level

A

highest serum level of a drug

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24
Q

palpation

A

feeling

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25
Q

occluded

A

blocked or obstructed

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26
Q

median antecubital vein

A

prominent vein in the antecubital fossa, usually 1st choice

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27
Q

iatrogenic anemia

A

anemia caused by excessive blood draws

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28
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of red blood cells

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29
Q

hemoconcentration

A

increase in the ratio of formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) to plasma,
most often caused by leaving the tourniquet on too long

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30
Q

hematoma

A

reddened, swollen area in which blood collects under the skin

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31
Q

fibrin

A

fibrous plasma protein that forms clots

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32
Q

fasting specimen

A

specimen drawn after a 12 hour complete fast

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33
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

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34
Q

embolism

A

block in a blood vessel

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35
Q

disinfectant

A

cleans nonliving surfaces

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36
Q

coagulation

A

clotting

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37
Q

culture and sensitivity test

A

test to detect and identify microorganisms and to determine the most effective antibiotic therapy

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38
Q

cephalic vein

A

prominent vein of the antecubital fossa, usually 2nd choice

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39
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone

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40
Q

basilic vein

A

prominent vein in the antecubital fossa, usually 3rd choice

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41
Q

bacteriostatic

A

agent that prevents growth of bacteria

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42
Q

antiseptic

A

substance that prevents infection

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43
Q

anticoagulant

A

additive that prevents blood clotting

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44
Q
A
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45
Q

aliquot

A

portion of a sample

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46
Q

ancillary blood glucose test

A

test to determine blood glucose level (by dermal puncture) at bedside

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47
Q

albumin

A

main protein in blood plasma

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48
Q

agglutination

A

sticking together

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49
Q

aerobic bacteria

A

bacteria that needs oxygen

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50
Q

additive

A

chemical added to evacuated tubes

51
Q

What does BCCDC stand for?

A

BC Centre of Disease Control

52
Q

What does CLSI stand for?

A

Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institution

53
Q

Red top tubes need how long for full clot activation?

A

45-60 minutes

54
Q

How long does an SST tube take for full clot activation?

A

30 minutes

55
Q

Liver disease can increase bilirubin in the serum,
making it appear darker yellow. What else is this called?

A

Icteric serum

56
Q

Ingestion of fats or other lipids make the sample cloudy, also known as…

A

Lipemic serum

57
Q

Lipemic serum

A

hemolysis

(hemolyzed serum)

58
Q

What is the term for fainting?

A

Synoscope

59
Q

What is Emisis?

A

nausea and vomiting

60
Q

Petechiae is ________

A

Pinpoint red spots that form on the skin as a result of bleeding

61
Q

What is a unique identifying number used for cataloging a sample in the laboratory called?

A

Accession Number

62
Q

What does WHMIS stand for?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

63
Q

What is an Accession Number ?

A

A unique identifying number used for cataloging a sample in the lab

64
Q

A small portion of a specimen transferred into separate containers for distribution is called ______

A

Aliquot

65
Q

What is used on non living objects to reduce the risk of infection?

A

Disinfectants

66
Q

What is used on living skin to reduce the risk of infection?

A

Antiseptic

67
Q

What is serum?

A

Fluid portion of blood that remains AFTER clotting

Clotting begins 30-60 minutes after it’s been drawn

Does NOT contain fibrinogen & other clotting factors

68
Q

What is whole blood?

A

Blood collected and mixed with an anticoagulant so it’s unclotted.

69
Q

What is plasma?

A

Fluid portion of the blood

INCLUDES fibrinogen & other clotting factors

obtained by ADDING an anticoagulant before centrifuging

70
Q

What is osteochondritis?

A

Inflammation of the bone or cartilage

71
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

bone infection

72
Q

What is the recommended puncture depth for preemies getting a capillary collection done?

A

.65mm - .85mm

73
Q

Why is a heel lancet depth different than a finger depth for capillary collection?

A

Because the heel bone is close to the surface

heel 2mm
finger 3mm

74
Q

What is an indirect specimen?

A

Sample has passed through an area with flora

75
Q

What is a direct specimen?

A

Sample is collected from normally sterile tissue

76
Q

What is an inoculating loop?

A

A tool used to transfer microbial growth from one site to a plate to introduce contaminants

77
Q

Removal of all pathogenic organisms without killing the spores is…

A

Disinfection

78
Q

Destruction of all organisms is…

A

sterilization

79
Q

What are antibodies?

A

proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body

80
Q

What are antigens?

A

A substance causing your immune system to produce antibodies against it

81
Q
A

The final phase of the total testing process and involves evaluation of laboratory test resultsPost-analytical means

82
Q

Pre-analytical means

A

This phase comprises of test selection, patient identification, collection of the sample, handling of the sample, sorting out, pipetting and centrifugation

83
Q

What is sterilization?

A

Destroys all forms of microbial life

84
Q

What are the Anatomical Directions?

A
85
Q

Key Structure of the Ovum

A
  • Oocyte (DNA)
  • Zona Pellucida (inner layer)
  • Corona radiata (outer layer)
  • Produced by oogenesis in the ovaries
  • Maturation begins & pauses while in the womb; reactivates at puberty
86
Q

Key Structure of Sperm

A
  • Acrosome
  • Head (DNA)
  • Tail (Flagella)
  • Produced by spermatogenesis in
    the seminiferous tubules (testes)
  • Continuously produced by dividing
    stem cells in testes
87
Q

The function of the Ovaries

A

storage and maturation of oocytes
and reproductive hormones

88
Q

Where is estrogen produced?

A

Follicular cells

89
Q

How is progesterone produced?

A

After ovulation, the follicle ruptures & becomes the corpus luteum and produces progesterone

90
Q

What structures function is to sweep the ovum into uterine tubes after ovulation?

A

Fimbriae

91
Q

Where is the site of conception?

A

Uterine tubes

92
Q

What is the function of the cervix?

A

To keep bacteria from entering the uterus

93
Q

What structures function is the production of sperm and reproductive hormones?

A

Testes

94
Q

Epididymis function is…

A

the site of sperm mobilization

95
Q

What structure has the function to store sperm and initiate the ejaculation process?

A

Vas Deferens

96
Q

What the key function of the mammary glands?

A

Lactation

97
Q

What lab tests are associated with pregnancy?

A

 hCG, CBC, Blood Typing, Urinalysis, Urine Culture
 Infectious Disease Testing (Syphilis, HIV, Hepatitis etc..)
 Carrier & Genetic Screening

 Glucose/Diabetes Screening (OGTT)
 Group B Strep Screening

98
Q

What are the key urinary system structures?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureter
  • Urinary Bladder
  • Urethra
99
Q

These functions are a part of what system;
 Regulation of blood volume, blood pressure, & hydration
 Homeostasis of blood pH & maintenance of acid-base balance
 Filtration & conservation of blood products, nutrients, & metabolic waste
 Electrolyte balance
 Regulation of RBC production through production of `erythropoietin

A

Urinary System

100
Q

Key Functions of the Kidney

A

 Filtration of blood: from renal artery & through the glomerular capillaries

 Urine production: nephrons control absorption and secretion of water, electrolytes, bicarbonate/hydrogen, & wastes

 Production of Renin & Erythropoietin

101
Q

What is urine made up of?

A

About 95% water and 5% waste products

102
Q

Urine production involves excretion and elimination of;

A

 Ammonia - byproduct of breakdown of nitrogen containing
molecules (amino acids)
 Creatinine - from muscle metabolism
 Uric acid - breakdown & recycling of RNA
 Hydrogen - byproduct of cellular metabolism

103
Q

What disorder is an infection, usually bacteria, of urinary tract including urethra, bladder (cystitis), or kidney (pyelonephritis)?

A

UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)

104
Q

What are kidney stones?

A

Hard deposits made of minerals & salts that form inside your kidneys, can get lodged inside the ureter

105
Q

What are the key structures of the Lymphatic System?

A

 Lymph
 Lymph Vessels & Ducts
 Lymphoid Organs
 Thymus
 Spleen
 Bone Marrow
 Lymph Nodes
 Lymphoid Nodules

106
Q

Name 1 function of the Lymphatic System.

A

 Lymphocytes - Production, maintenance, & distribution
 One way return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissues to bloodstream; aids in distribution of hormones, nutrients, & wastes from tissues –> circulation.
 Provide recognition, resistance & immunity to “debris”

107
Q

What is Lymph similar to?

A

Blood plasma

but with a lower concentration of proteins

108
Q

What two ducts does the lymphatic vessels direct lymph towards?

A
  • Right Lymphatic Duct
  • Thoracic Duct
109
Q

What are the Primary Lymphoid Organs?

A

^ Bone Marrow - production of WBC, Site of maturation B lymphocytes

^ Thymus - Site of T Lymphocyte maturation

^ Lymph Nodes - filter debris & pathogen, site of adaptive immune responses

^ Spleen - Mechanical and Biological filtration of blood

^ Lymphoid Nodules - Filter incoming pathogens & debris (inhalation/ingestion)

110
Q

What is the inability of lymph vessels to return lymph to circulation due to obstruction or vessel disruption?

A

Lymphedema

111
Q

What is the immune systems function?

A

to attacks irritants, abnormal substances, microorganism, &
other foreign substances

112
Q

Adaptive immunity is and what cells are involved?

A

Acquired immunity

Lymphocytes (B & T cells)

113
Q

Innate Immunity involves what cells?

A

Native immunity or Genetic immunity

Phagocytic
- macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells

114
Q

An allergic reaction is?

A

The immunes system hypersensitivity response to specific antigens

115
Q

What disorder do the autoantibodies target synovial membranes triggering chronic inflammation?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

116
Q

Study the tests and what structure they are associated with in the body.

A
117
Q

What does -penia mean?

A

low

118
Q

What does -cytosis mean

A

high

119
Q

What is an Antibody?

A

A protein developed in response to antigen

120
Q

Agglutination is…

A

Clumping of antibody and antigens

121
Q

Antigen is?

A

protein that acts as an identifier

122
Q

What is a Transfusion Reaction?

A

When the patient’s immune system reacts with blood transfused

123
Q

What is Blood Products?

A

Medication made from blood components

National Exam CSLMS (15 decks)

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