Terms Flashcards
What is Bacteremia?
Blood Culture Term
Presence of bacteria in the blood
What is Septicemia?
Blood Culture Term
Rapid multiplication of pathogens in the bloodstream
This is life threatening
Sepsis is…
Blood Culture Term
microorganism in the blood - systemic inflammatory response
FUO
Fever of Unknown Origin
LIS
Laboratory Information Systems
SOP
Standard Operating Procedure
A way to carry out an activity or a process.
What is Quality Phlebotomy?
To ensure the delivery of consistent high quality patient care, specimen collection, and analysis
What is an Autologous Donation?
Blood donated by a patient for their own use
whole blood
blood before it is separated
venule
small vein
venous thrombosis
blood clot within a vein
vein
vessel carrying blood vessels
trough level
lowest serum level of a drug
tourniquet
material used to reduce circulation and increase visual of veins
therapeutic phlebotomy
removal of blood from a patient’s system as part of the treatment for a disorder
short turnaround time (STAT)
requisition requiring immediate attention and processing
sharps
needles, lancets, broken glass and other sharp items
(pokey things)
serum
plasma without a clotting factor
reagent
test chemical
polymer gel
synthetic additive used to separate cells from plasma during centrifugation
Also known as thixotropic gel.
plasma
fluid portion of the blood
phlebotomy
practice of drawing blood
peak level
highest serum level of a drug
palpation
feeling
occluded
blocked or obstructed
median antecubital vein
prominent vein in the antecubital fossa, usually 1st choice
iatrogenic anemia
anemia caused by excessive blood draws
hemolysis
destruction of red blood cells
hemoconcentration
increase in the ratio of formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) to plasma,
most often caused by leaving the tourniquet on too long
hematoma
reddened, swollen area in which blood collects under the skin
fibrin
fibrous plasma protein that forms clots
fasting specimen
specimen drawn after a 12 hour complete fast
erythrocyte
red blood cell
embolism
block in a blood vessel
disinfectant
cleans nonliving surfaces
coagulation
clotting
culture and sensitivity test
test to detect and identify microorganisms and to determine the most effective antibiotic therapy
cephalic vein
prominent vein of the antecubital fossa, usually 2nd choice
calcaneus
heel bone
basilic vein
prominent vein in the antecubital fossa, usually 3rd choice
bacteriostatic
agent that prevents growth of bacteria
antiseptic
substance that prevents infection
anticoagulant
additive that prevents blood clotting
aliquot
portion of a sample
ancillary blood glucose test
test to determine blood glucose level (by dermal puncture) at bedside
albumin
main protein in blood plasma
agglutination
sticking together
aerobic bacteria
bacteria that needs oxygen
additive
chemical added to evacuated tubes
What does BCCDC stand for?
BC Centre of Disease Control
What does CLSI stand for?
Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institution
Red top tubes need how long for full clot activation?
45-60 minutes
How long does an SST tube take for full clot activation?
30 minutes
Liver disease can increase bilirubin in the serum,
making it appear darker yellow. What else is this called?
Icteric serum
Ingestion of fats or other lipids make the sample cloudy, also known as…
Lipemic serum
Lipemic serum
hemolysis
(hemolyzed serum)
What is the term for fainting?
Synoscope
What is Emisis?
nausea and vomiting
Petechiae is ________
Pinpoint red spots that form on the skin as a result of bleeding
What is a unique identifying number used for cataloging a sample in the laboratory called?
Accession Number
What does WHMIS stand for?
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
What is an Accession Number ?
A unique identifying number used for cataloging a sample in the lab
A small portion of a specimen transferred into separate containers for distribution is called ______
Aliquot
What is used on non living objects to reduce the risk of infection?
Disinfectants
What is used on living skin to reduce the risk of infection?
Antiseptic
What is serum?
Fluid portion of blood that remains AFTER clotting
Clotting begins 30-60 minutes after it’s been drawn
Does NOT contain fibrinogen & other clotting factors
What is whole blood?
Blood collected and mixed with an anticoagulant so it’s unclotted.
What is plasma?
Fluid portion of the blood
INCLUDES fibrinogen & other clotting factors
obtained by ADDING an anticoagulant before centrifuging
What is osteochondritis?
Inflammation of the bone or cartilage
What is osteomyelitis?
bone infection
What is the recommended puncture depth for preemies getting a capillary collection done?
.65mm - .85mm
Why is a heel lancet depth different than a finger depth for capillary collection?
Because the heel bone is close to the surface
heel 2mm
finger 3mm
What is an indirect specimen?
Sample has passed through an area with flora
What is a direct specimen?
Sample is collected from normally sterile tissue
What is an inoculating loop?
A tool used to transfer microbial growth from one site to a plate to introduce contaminants
Removal of all pathogenic organisms without killing the spores is…
Disinfection
Destruction of all organisms is…
sterilization
What are antibodies?
proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body
What are antigens?
A substance causing your immune system to produce antibodies against it
The final phase of the total testing process and involves evaluation of laboratory test resultsPost-analytical means
Pre-analytical means
This phase comprises of test selection, patient identification, collection of the sample, handling of the sample, sorting out, pipetting and centrifugation
What is sterilization?
Destroys all forms of microbial life
What are the Anatomical Directions?
Key Structure of the Ovum
- Oocyte (DNA)
- Zona Pellucida (inner layer)
- Corona radiata (outer layer)
- Produced by oogenesis in the ovaries
- Maturation begins & pauses while in the womb; reactivates at puberty
Key Structure of Sperm
- Acrosome
- Head (DNA)
- Tail (Flagella)
- Produced by spermatogenesis in
the seminiferous tubules (testes) - Continuously produced by dividing
stem cells in testes
The function of the Ovaries
storage and maturation of oocytes
and reproductive hormones
Where is estrogen produced?
Follicular cells
How is progesterone produced?
After ovulation, the follicle ruptures & becomes the corpus luteum and produces progesterone
What structures function is to sweep the ovum into uterine tubes after ovulation?
Fimbriae
Where is the site of conception?
Uterine tubes
What is the function of the cervix?
To keep bacteria from entering the uterus
What structures function is the production of sperm and reproductive hormones?
Testes
Epididymis function is…
the site of sperm mobilization
What structure has the function to store sperm and initiate the ejaculation process?
Vas Deferens
What the key function of the mammary glands?
Lactation
What lab tests are associated with pregnancy?
hCG, CBC, Blood Typing, Urinalysis, Urine Culture
Infectious Disease Testing (Syphilis, HIV, Hepatitis etc..)
Carrier & Genetic Screening
Glucose/Diabetes Screening (OGTT)
Group B Strep Screening
What are the key urinary system structures?
- Kidneys
- Ureter
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
These functions are a part of what system;
Regulation of blood volume, blood pressure, & hydration
Homeostasis of blood pH & maintenance of acid-base balance
Filtration & conservation of blood products, nutrients, & metabolic waste
Electrolyte balance
Regulation of RBC production through production of `erythropoietin
Urinary System
Key Functions of the Kidney
Filtration of blood: from renal artery & through the glomerular capillaries
Urine production: nephrons control absorption and secretion of water, electrolytes, bicarbonate/hydrogen, & wastes
Production of Renin & Erythropoietin
What is urine made up of?
About 95% water and 5% waste products
Urine production involves excretion and elimination of;
Ammonia - byproduct of breakdown of nitrogen containing
molecules (amino acids)
Creatinine - from muscle metabolism
Uric acid - breakdown & recycling of RNA
Hydrogen - byproduct of cellular metabolism
What disorder is an infection, usually bacteria, of urinary tract including urethra, bladder (cystitis), or kidney (pyelonephritis)?
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
What are kidney stones?
Hard deposits made of minerals & salts that form inside your kidneys, can get lodged inside the ureter
What are the key structures of the Lymphatic System?
Lymph
Lymph Vessels & Ducts
Lymphoid Organs
Thymus
Spleen
Bone Marrow
Lymph Nodes
Lymphoid Nodules
Name 1 function of the Lymphatic System.
Lymphocytes - Production, maintenance, & distribution
One way return of fluid and solutes from peripheral tissues to bloodstream; aids in distribution of hormones, nutrients, & wastes from tissues –> circulation.
Provide recognition, resistance & immunity to “debris”
What is Lymph similar to?
Blood plasma
but with a lower concentration of proteins
What two ducts does the lymphatic vessels direct lymph towards?
- Right Lymphatic Duct
- Thoracic Duct
What are the Primary Lymphoid Organs?
^ Bone Marrow - production of WBC, Site of maturation B lymphocytes
^ Thymus - Site of T Lymphocyte maturation
^ Lymph Nodes - filter debris & pathogen, site of adaptive immune responses
^ Spleen - Mechanical and Biological filtration of blood
^ Lymphoid Nodules - Filter incoming pathogens & debris (inhalation/ingestion)
What is the inability of lymph vessels to return lymph to circulation due to obstruction or vessel disruption?
Lymphedema
What is the immune systems function?
to attacks irritants, abnormal substances, microorganism, &
other foreign substances
Adaptive immunity is and what cells are involved?
Acquired immunity
Lymphocytes (B & T cells)
Innate Immunity involves what cells?
Native immunity or Genetic immunity
Phagocytic
- macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells
An allergic reaction is?
The immunes system hypersensitivity response to specific antigens
What disorder do the autoantibodies target synovial membranes triggering chronic inflammation?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Study the tests and what structure they are associated with in the body.
What does -penia mean?
low
What does -cytosis mean
high
What is an Antibody?
A protein developed in response to antigen
Agglutination is…
Clumping of antibody and antigens
Antigen is?
protein that acts as an identifier
What is a Transfusion Reaction?
When the patient’s immune system reacts with blood transfused
What is Blood Products?
Medication made from blood components
