ECG Flashcards
Name the great Vessels.
(5)
- Aorta
- Pulmonary Arteries
- Pulmonary Veins
- Pulmonary Trunk
- Vena Cava (Superior and Inferior)
Where does the “lub” sound come from?
S1 sound
Atrioventricular Valves
(Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves)
Where is the S2 sound from and what does it sound like?
Semilunar Valves. - “dub”
(Pulmonary and Aortic valves)
Baroreceptors are…
nerve tissues with specialized sensors
What are the characteristics of Pacemaker Cells?
- automaticity
- excitability
- conductivity
What do Pacemaker Cells do?
~ —Generate impulse—
~ Control the rate & rhythm
~ Do NOT have the ability to contract
Myocardial Cells can…
~ —Cause actual contractions—
~ Found in myocardium
~ Contain contractile filaments
~ conduct electrical impulses
Characteristics of a Myocardial Cell are…
- contractility
- excitability
- conductivity
What is the onset of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular depolarization called?
PR Interval
Ventricular depolarization is which complex?
QRS Complex
What segment is represented by a flat line ?
(isoelectric line)
ST Segment
Ventricular repolarization is shown on an ECG as what wave?
T Wave
What is a product from an outside source on an ECG, such as movement called?
Artifact
Cardiac Cycle consists of 2 cycles. Name them and how long do they last?
Dystole - about 0.52 seconds
Systole - about 0.28 secondsEjection Fraction Measures what?
Ejection Fraction Measures what?
The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle.
What is the amount of blood pumped out of one of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle called?
Stroke Volume
(refers to PER CYCLE)
What is the amount of blood ejected out of the left ventricle in 1 minute referred to as?
Cardiac Output
(PER MINUTE)
What is the formula for Cardiac Output?
Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output
Which side of the heart has deoxygenated blood?
Right side
goes to the lungs
Oxygenated blood sent to the rest of the body is from what side of the heart?
Left side
What is the function of the heart valves?
Prevent backflow of blood
Which electrolytes crucially affect cardiac function?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
The ability of a cell to generate its own electrical impulse is…
Automaticity
What leads are you looking at for Bundle Branch Blocks?
V1 and V6
- Deep, Wide S Wave
- Everything looks Wide
- 2 R Waves
What is unique about the appearance of a Right Bundle Block?
They appear like Bunny Ears
If there is no P Wave with bizarre wide complexes, where do you think it’s firing from?
Ventricles
What is the difference between Unifocal and Multifocal?
Unifocal – arising from a single ectopic focus; each PAC is identical.
Multifocal – arising from two or more ectopic foci; multiple P-wave morphologies.
If the ST elevations appear tombstone like, what does that mean?
Heart attack - infarction
Patient will be symptomatic
Which body system controls the heart rate and blood pressure?
Autonomic Nervous System
What is the intrinsic firing rate the SA Node fires at?
60-100 bpm
The AV Node fires at what rate?
40-60 bpm
The purkinje fibers fire at what rate?
20-40 bpm
PR Interval is normally how long?
3-5 small boxes
(0.12-0.20 sec)
The QRS complex at it’s normal range is how long?
2-3 small boxes
(0.08-0.12 sec)
What rhythm is most likely to have 3 different P Waves; upright, inverted or absent
Wandering Atrial Pacemaker
(WAP)
What does Atrial Flutter look like?
Flutter wave looks like a sawtooth pattern
Which is the only rhythm that is Irregularly Irregular?
No P Waves,
QRS Complexes look similar
Atrial Fibrillation
The course of blood flow through the heart and lungs is referred to as ________circulation
Pulmonary
One cardiac cycle occurs how often?
0.8 seconds
What are the 5 steps to ECG?
- Heart Rate
- Heart Rhythm
- P Wave
- PR Interval
- QRS Complex
