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Exercise Physiology > Terminology A9-A10 > Flashcards

Terminology A9-A10 Flashcards

1
Q

Heart Rate Reserve

A

The difference between the resting heart rate and the maximal heart rate.

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2
Q

Heat

A

A form of energy. Referred as a “lost energy”

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3
Q

Hemacrotit

A

The ratio between the blood cells to blood volume

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4
Q

Hematuria

A

The discharge of blood into the urine tract

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5
Q

Hemo-concentration
Hemo-dilution
Hemo-dynamics

A

The concentraion of the blood
The dillution of the blood
The study of the physical laws governing blood flow

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6
Q

Hemogoblin (Hb)

A

A complex molecule found in red blood cells that consist of iron (heme) and protein (globin)

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7
Q

Hemolysis

A

The rupture of a cell, such as a red blood cell

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8
Q

Henry’s Law

A

The academically proven notion that a gas absorbed into a fluid under pressure will directly be related to the partial pressure of that gas.

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9
Q

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

A

A specific kind of cholesterol that is a “protective agent” against coronary heart disease

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10
Q

Horizontal Component

A

Work done parallel to the earth’s surface.

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11
Q

Hormone Receptor

A

A region of the membrane of a target cell that can react with only one hormone.

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12
Q

Hormone

A

A discrete chemical substance secreted into the body fluids by an endocrine gland that has a specific effect on activities of the cells, tissues, and organs

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13
Q

Humidity

Relative

A

The amount of moisture in the air

The % of water vapor in the air

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14
Q

Hydraulic Pressure

A

The force per unit of area resulting in the vertical column of water to an elevated height

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15
Q

Hyperplasia

A

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

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16
Q

Hypolarization

A

An overshoot of repolarization. Characterized of a cell’s membrane potential growth

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17
Q

Hyerpertension

Hypertensive Disease

A

High Blood Pressure

A adverse health status to high blood pressure, SBP over 145

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18
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Increased blood temperature

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19
Q

Hypertonic

A

Pertaining to a solution having a greater tension, or osmotic pressure, relative to another solution in a comparable setting.

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20
Q

Hypertrophy

A

An increase in the size of a cell or organ

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21
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Excessive ventilation of the lungs caused by increased depth and frequency of breathing.

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22
Q

Hypervolemia

A

An increase in blood volume

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23
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Lower than normal blood sugar level due to an inadequate supply or regulation

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24
Q

Hyptotension

A

Low blood pressure

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25
Q

Hypoxia

A

Lack of adequate oxygen due to a reduced oxygen partial pressure

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26
Q

I band

A

That area of a myofibril containing actin and bisected by a Z line

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27
Q

Inert

A

Having no action

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28
Q

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

A

The maximal volume of air inspired above resting expiatory level

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29
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

The maximal volume of air inspired above normal end-inspiration

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30
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone secreted by beta cells in the pancreas that speed up cellular uptake of glucose

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31
Q

Intercalated Discs

A

The junction between cardiac muscle cells that forms the mechanical and electrical connection between two adjacent cells.

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32
Q

Intermittent Work

A

Exercises performed with alternate periods of rest

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33
Q

Interneuron

A

A nerve cell stationed between the motor and sensory cells.

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34
Q

Intersittial Fluid

A

The fluid between the cells

35
Q

Intramuscular Glycogen

A

Complex carbohydrate stored within muscle cells

36
Q

Ion

A

Electrically charged particle

37
Q

Iron

A

A mineral found in the heme groups of red blood cells and in the cytochromes of the mitochondrion

38
Q

Ischemia

A

Local and temporary deficiency of blood, due to contraction

39
Q

Isotoinc

A

Pertaining to the solutions having the same tension or osmotic pressue

40
Q

Kilocalorie (kCal)

A

A unit of work or energy characterized as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kg of water 1 degree

41
Q

Kilogram-Meters (kg-m)

A

A unit of work. One that measures the kilogram of a force moves a distance of one meter

42
Q

Lactic Acid System

A

An anaerobic energy system in which ATP is manufactured when glucose is broken down to lactic acid.

43
Q

Leads

A

A specific electrical view of the heart

44
Q

Lean Body Mass

A

The body’s weight minus the weight of the body fat

45
Q

Left Ventricle End- Diastolic Volume

A

The volume of blood in the ventricle (left) at the end of diastole

46
Q

Load

A

A force exerted on the muscle

47
Q

Low-Density Lipoprotein

A

A specific form of cholesterol that is found in the blood plasma and correlates with antherosclerosis

48
Q

Lever

A

A rigid bar that serves a movement along a axis of rotation

49
Q

Logarithmic Scale

A

A mathematical scale based on an exponent of power of 10

50
Q

Mass

A

The quantity of a matter of an object in its inertia

51
Q

Lactate Threshold

A

A particular intensity of workload or oxygen consumption that accelerates this threshold

52
Q

Maximal MET Level

A

Maximum oxygen consumption measured in metabolic equivalent

53
Q

Maximal Voluntary Contraction

A

The maximal rate at which oxygen can be consumed per minute

54
Q

Mesomorphy

A

A body shape characterized by a square, rugged musculature figure

55
Q

Metabolic Equivalent (METS)

A

For a given subject, the amount of oxygen required per minute under quiet resting conditions.

56
Q

Metabolic System

A

A system of biochemical reactions that cause the formation of waste products and the manufacture of ATP

57
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum or total of the chemical changes or reactions occurring in the body

58
Q

Metabolite

A

The products of metabolic reactions

59
Q

Millimole

A

One thousandth of a mole

60
Q

Minerals

A

Essential constituents of all cells and of many functions in the body

61
Q

Minute Ventilation

A

The amount of air inspired/expired within a given minute

62
Q

Mitochondrium

A

A subcellular structure in which the reactions of the Kreb Cycle and electron transport system take place

63
Q

Mole

A

The gram-molecular weight or gram-formula weight of a substance

64
Q

Motor Neuron

A

A nerve cell, which when stimulated effects muscle contraction

65
Q

Motor Endplate

A

The neuromuscular or myoneural junction

66
Q

Motor Unit

A

An individual motor nerve and all the muscle fibers it innervates

67
Q

Muscular Endurance

A

The ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions against a light load for an extended period of time

68
Q

Muscular Strength

A

The force or tension that a muscle or group of muscles can exert against a resistance

69
Q

Muscular Tonus

A

The resilience and resistance to a stretch in a relaxed, resting muscle

70
Q

Myofibril

A

That part of a muscle cell containing the myosin and actin (protein filaments)

71
Q

Myogoblic

A

A oxygen-binding pigment that effects the color of red muscle fiber

72
Q

Negative Work

A

Force times distance in the same direction of a pull of gravity

73
Q

Nerve Impulse

A

An electrical disturbance at the point of stimulation of a nerve, that is self-propagated along the entire length of the axon

74
Q

Net Oxygen Cost

A

The amount of oxygen, above resting values, required to perform a given amount of work

75
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

The union between a muscle and its nerve

76
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical released from axon terminals

77
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell consisting of a cell body (soma, neuron, cytoplasm, dendrites, and axon

78
Q

Nonogram

A

A graph enabling you to find the value of a dependent variable when the two independent variables are unknown

79
Q

Obesity

A

An excessive accumulation and storage of fatty tissue

80
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

81
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

The force per unit area required to stop the process of osmosis

82
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A condition of the bones in which they become very thing and brittle due to loos of mineral content

83
Q

Overload Principle

A

Progressively increasing the intensity of the workouts over the course of the training program as ones fitness improves

Exercise Physiology (9 decks)

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