Terminology A1-A2 Flashcards
The area located in the center of the sarcomere containing both actin and myosin.
A Band
Adaptive changes that occur when an individual undergoes prolonged exposure to a stressful environment. The changes reduce the impact of the environment, as in adapting to a change in altitude or climate.
Acclimatization
A feature to isometric testing/training in which a counterforce is provided so that the speed of a muscle contraction is controlled.
Accommodating resistance
A chemical substance included in transmitting an impulse from one nerve to another.
Acetylcholine (ACH)
A chemical compound that gives up a hydrogen ions (H+) in solutions.
Acid
A condition of reduced alkali reserve of the blood and other fluids. Usually with an increase in H+ and a fall in normal PH
Alkaline
A protein involved in muscular contractions.
Actin
The electrical activity involved in the muscle or nerve during activity or depolarization.
Action Potential
A protein complex formed from actin and myosin when the myosin cross-bridges from a chemical bond with selected sites on actin filaments.
Actomyosin
A complex chemical compound, which when combined within organic phosphate (Pi), forms ATP (Adenosine triphosphate).
Adenosine Diphosphate
A complex chemical compound formed with the energy released from food and stored in all cells, particularly muscles. Only when the energy released by the breakdown of this compound, can the cell perform work.
Adenosine Triphosphate
A fat cell; A cell that stores fat
Adipocyte
Fat Tissue; generally stored in a particular area.
Adipose Tissue
In the presence of oxygen; An energy system dependent upon oxidation
Aerobic
Maximal rate at which an individual can consume oxygen during the performance of all-out, exhaustive exercise; The “best” index of cardiorespiratory fitness.
Aerobic Power
In the heart; Resistance presented to the contacting ventricle.
Afterload
A mixture of gases, at ~79% N2, 20% O2, and >1% other gases
Air
This law refers to a nerve or muscle fiber either contracts or propagates a nerve impulse completely or not at all.
All or none principle
The thin layer of tissue dividing the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries where gaseous exchange occurs.
Aveoli Capillary Membrane
Tiny terminal air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange with the blood in the pulmonary capillaries occur.
Alveoli
Pertaining to the surrounding environment
Ambient
The basic structural unit of proteins
Amino Acids
Synthetic androgens that mimic the effects of testosterone.
Anabolic Steroids
In the absence of oxygen. An energy generating process that does not require oxygen.
Anaerobic
The incomplete chemical breakdown of carbohydrate (glucose). This anaerobic reaction releases energy for the manufacturer of ATP, while at the same time producing lactic acid.
Anaerobic Glycolysis
A particular intensity of work load oxygen consumption that accelerates anaerobic metabolism.
Anaerobic Threshold
The volume of fresh air that remains in the respiratory passages, and does not participate in gaseous exchange.
Anatomical Dead Space (DS)
The branch of anthropology concerned with comparative measures of the human body and its parts.
Anthropometry
The lack of sufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin
Anemia
Blood-filled pouches, that balloon out from a weak spot in the arterial wall.
Aneurysm
Cessation (ending) of breathing
Apnea
In lipoproteins, the protein portion.
Apolipoprotein
Pertaining to water
Aqueous.
