Terminology A3-A4

Question 1

Thickening of the wall of the blood vessels resulting in a loss of elasticity and hardening. A natural aging change.

Answer 1

Arteriosclerosis

Question 2

The difference between oxygen levels in arterial and mixed venous blood.

Answer 2

Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference

Question 3

A vessel carrying blood away from the heart

Answer 3

Artery

Question 4

A disease of the arteries in which lipids, cholesterol, and other material accumulate on the inside walls of the arteries.

Answer 4

Atherosclerosis

Question 5

An anaerobic energy system in which ATP is manufactured when phospho-creatine is broken down.

Answer 5

ATP-PC System

Question 6

The enzyme that facilitates ATP breakdown

Answer 6

ATPASE

Question 7

Acronym: ATPS

Answer 7

Ambient, Temperature, Pressure, Saturated

Question 8

A specialized tissue to the right of the atrium (heart), from which the electrical impulse initiated by the sino-atrial node spreads through the heart. 
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

Answer 8

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

Question 9

The reduction in the cross-sectional area of muscle, muscle-fibers, or other tissues due to injury, immobilization, disease, etc.;

Answer 9

Atrophy

Question 10

Listening to the sound made by various body structures or movements, such as heart rate and blood pressure.

Answer 10

Auscultation

Question 11

A self-governing system that helps regulate activities such as those involving movement and secretion by the visceral organs, urinary output, body temperature, etc;

Answer 11

Automatic Nervous System

Question 12

The under-arm, bordered by the Pectoralis Major and Trapezius muscles.

Answer 12

Axilla

Question 13

Instrument used to measure barometric pressure

Answer 13

Barometer

Question 14

This pressure is calculated by force per unit area exerted by the Earth’s atmosphere.

Answer 14

Barometric Pressure

Question 15

Rate after fasting that the level of energy required to sustain the body’s vital functions in the waking state

Answer 15

Basal Metabolic

Question 16

The series of reactions by which fat is broken down from long carbon chains to two carbon units in preparation of the Kreb’s Cycle

Answer 16

Beta-Oxidation

Question 17

A by-product of the dissociation of carbonic acid

Answer 17

Bi-Carbonate Ion

Question 18

Literally “two-headed depression” located at the surface of the elbow formed by the tendons of the biceps and brachialis muscles.

Answer 18

Bicipital Fossa

Question 19

The study of energy transformations in living organisms.

Answer 19

Bioenergetics

Question 20

The removal of tissue from the living body. Usually a core of tissue is taken with a special needle and examined histologically

Answer 20

Biopsy

Question 21

A simple form of sugar circulating in the blood; levels are regulated mainly through the glycogen stored in the liver.

Answer 21

Blood Glucose

Question 22

One of several scales that rate perceived exertion.

Answer 22

Borg Scale

Question 23

A well-documented and irrefutable observation that the volume occupied by a gas is reduced or expanded indirectly by pressure placed around it.

Answer 23

Boyle’s Law

Question 24

This artery runs through the upper arm, the lower portion is used when one takes blood pressure

Answer 24

Brachial Artery

Question 25

The decrease of the heart rate. >60 beats/min

Answer 25

Bradycardia

Question 26

Acronym: BTPS

Adjust the volume of a gas from ambient conditions to body conditions

Answer 26

Body temperature, Pressure, Saturated,

Question 27

Any substance that lessens the change in hydrogen ion (H+) concentration.

Answer 27

Buffer

Question 28

An upward force exerted on a body by the water beneath it

Answer 28

Buoyancy

Question 29

A unit of work or energy equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of water one degree centigrade.

Answer 29

Calorie

Question 30

The measure of heat production from oxidized foods or heat production from the human body through measuring gases.

Answer 30

Calorimeter

Question 31

A fine network of small vessels located between arteries and veins; where exchanges between tissue and blood occur.

Answer 31

Capillary

Question 32

Any one of a group of chemical compounds including sugars, starches, and cellulose that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 32

Carbohydrate

Question 33

A nutritional strategy that results in an additional storage of carbohydrates in muscle cells.

Answer 33

Carbohydrate loading

Question 34

One complete cycle of the heart beat in the heart

Answer 34

Cardiac Cycle

Question 35

The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. Calculated by heart stroke * heart rate

Answer 35

Cardiac Output (Q)

Question 36

The ability of the lungs and heart to take in and transport adequate oxygen to the working muscles.

Answer 36

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Question 37

Changes in cardiovascular variables (Heart Rate) that occur during prolonged heavy sub-maximal exercise at a steady state pace

Answer 37

Cardiovascular Drift

Question 38

Special sensors in the carotid arteries that are sensitive to transluminal stretch. These elastic vessels send signals to the brain indicating blood pressure changes.

Answer 38

Carotid Baroreceptors

Question 39

A tubular instrument for the passage of some monitoring device, fluid, or very small implement from or into a body cavity, usually through an artery.

Answer 39

Catheter

Question 40

The spinal cord and brain

Answer 40

Central Nervous System

Question 41

A blood clot in the brain

Answer 41

Cerebral Thrombosis

Question 42

Law that states a volume occupied by a gas is reduced or expanded in direct proportion to its temperature

Answer 42

Charles Law