Terminology A3-A4 Flashcards
Thickening of the wall of the blood vessels resulting in a loss of elasticity and hardening. A natural aging change.
Arteriosclerosis
The difference between oxygen levels in arterial and mixed venous blood.
Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference
A vessel carrying blood away from the heart
Artery
A disease of the arteries in which lipids, cholesterol, and other material accumulate on the inside walls of the arteries.
Atherosclerosis
An anaerobic energy system in which ATP is manufactured when phospho-creatine is broken down.
ATP-PC System
The enzyme that facilitates ATP breakdown
ATPASE
Acronym: ATPS
Ambient, Temperature, Pressure, Saturated
A specialized tissue to the right of the atrium (heart), from which the electrical impulse initiated by the sino-atrial node spreads through the heart. Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
The reduction in the cross-sectional area of muscle, muscle-fibers, or other tissues due to injury, immobilization, disease, etc.;
Atrophy
Listening to the sound made by various body structures or movements, such as heart rate and blood pressure.
Auscultation
A self-governing system that helps regulate activities such as those involving movement and secretion by the visceral organs, urinary output, body temperature, etc;
Automatic Nervous System
The under-arm, bordered by the Pectoralis Major and Trapezius muscles.
Axilla
Instrument used to measure barometric pressure
Barometer
This pressure is calculated by force per unit area exerted by the Earth’s atmosphere.
Barometric Pressure
Rate after fasting that the level of energy required to sustain the body’s vital functions in the waking state
Basal Metabolic
The series of reactions by which fat is broken down from long carbon chains to two carbon units in preparation of the Kreb’s Cycle
Beta-Oxidation
A by-product of the dissociation of carbonic acid
Bi-Carbonate Ion
Literally “two-headed depression” located at the surface of the elbow formed by the tendons of the biceps and brachialis muscles.
Bicipital Fossa
The study of energy transformations in living organisms.
Bioenergetics
The removal of tissue from the living body. Usually a core of tissue is taken with a special needle and examined histologically
Biopsy
A simple form of sugar circulating in the blood; levels are regulated mainly through the glycogen stored in the liver.
Blood Glucose
One of several scales that rate perceived exertion.
Borg Scale
A well-documented and irrefutable observation that the volume occupied by a gas is reduced or expanded indirectly by pressure placed around it.
Boyle’s Law
This artery runs through the upper arm, the lower portion is used when one takes blood pressure
Brachial Artery
The decrease of the heart rate. >60 beats/min
Bradycardia
Acronym: BTPS
Adjust the volume of a gas from ambient conditions to body conditions
Body temperature, Pressure, Saturated,
Any substance that lessens the change in hydrogen ion (H+) concentration.
Buffer
An upward force exerted on a body by the water beneath it
Buoyancy
A unit of work or energy equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of water one degree centigrade.
Calorie
The measure of heat production from oxidized foods or heat production from the human body through measuring gases.
Calorimeter
A fine network of small vessels located between arteries and veins; where exchanges between tissue and blood occur.
Capillary
Any one of a group of chemical compounds including sugars, starches, and cellulose that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrate
A nutritional strategy that results in an additional storage of carbohydrates in muscle cells.
Carbohydrate loading
One complete cycle of the heart beat in the heart
Cardiac Cycle
The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. Calculated by heart stroke * heart rate
Cardiac Output (Q)
The ability of the lungs and heart to take in and transport adequate oxygen to the working muscles.
Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Changes in cardiovascular variables (Heart Rate) that occur during prolonged heavy sub-maximal exercise at a steady state pace
Cardiovascular Drift
Special sensors in the carotid arteries that are sensitive to transluminal stretch. These elastic vessels send signals to the brain indicating blood pressure changes.
Carotid Baroreceptors
A tubular instrument for the passage of some monitoring device, fluid, or very small implement from or into a body cavity, usually through an artery.
Catheter
The spinal cord and brain
Central Nervous System
A blood clot in the brain
Cerebral Thrombosis
Law that states a volume occupied by a gas is reduced or expanded in direct proportion to its temperature
Charles Law
